903 cards
If the compound rotates plane-polarized light ____, it is designated with a '+' or 'd' for dextrorotary.
If the compound rotates plane-polarized light clockwise, it is designated with a '____.
If the compound rotates plane-polarized light ____, it is designated with a '-' or 'l' for levorotary.
If the compound rotates plane-polarized light counter-clockwise, it is designated with a '____.
Are R and S configurations related to Levorotary or Dextrorotary? - ____.
____ is a standardized form of observed rotation that is calculated from the observed rotation and concentration times path length.
Specific rotation is a standardized form of observed rotation that is calculated from the ____.
When enantiomers are mixed together in equal concentrations, the resulting mixture is called ____.
When enantiomers are mixed together in ____ concentrations, the resulting mixture is called a racemic mixture.
A racemic mixture does not rotate plane polarized light because ____
Light rotation of enantiomeric excess solution occurs in ____
The ratio of actual rotation to the rotation of pure sample is called ____.
The ratio of ____ is called optical purity.
The maximum number of optically active isomers that a single compound can have is calculated by the following formula: ____
A ____ is a stereoisomer that has multiple chiral centers, is optically inactive.
A meso compound is a stereoisomer that has multiple chiral centers, is optically ____.
Meso compounds are considered to be ____.
____ are diastereomers that differ in configuration at only one chiral carbon.
Epimers are ____ that differ in configuration at only one chiral carbon.
Epimers are diastereomers that differ in configuration ____
____ are cyclic diastereomers that are formed when a ring closure occurs at an epimeric carbon.
Anomers are ____ that are formed when a ring closure occurs at an epimeric carbon.
Anomers are cyclic diastereomers that are formed when ____ carbon.
The chiral carbon of an anomer is called the ____ carbon.
The c____arbon of an anomer is called the anomeric carbon.
____ isomers are a special type of diastereomer that exist due to hindered rotation created by multiple bonds or a ring structure.
Cis/trans isomers or geometnc isomers are a special type of ____ that exist due to hindered rotation created by multiple bonds or a ring st…
Cis/trans isomers or geometnc isomers are a special type of diastereomer that exist due to ____.
Molecules with substituents on the same side are called ____ isomers.
Molecules with substituents on the opposite side are called ____ isomers.
____ molecules do not.
Cis molecules have stronger ____ forces than trans molecules.
____ molecules.
Trans molecules have higher ____ points than cis molecules.
____ molecules.
Cis molecules have higher ____ points than trans molecules.
The substituent groups in the ____ position may "crowd" each other, a phenomenon known as steric hindrance.
The substituent groups in the cis position may "____.
Steric hindrance in cis molecules ____ stability.
____ in cis molecules raises their energy levels, decreasing stability.
When the higher priority substituents are on opposite sides of the "locked" bond, the molecule is labeled ____.
When the higher priority substituents are on ____ sides of the "locked" bond, the molecule is labeled E for entgegen.
When the higher priority substituents are on same sides of the "locked" bond, the molecule is labeled ____.
When the higher priority substituents are on s____ides of the "locked" bond, the molecule is labeled Z for zusammen.
Electronegativity provides information about a molecule's ____.
____ provides information about a molecule's charge distribution.
Molecules that donate electrons are ____ by definition.
When alcohols "attack" the carbonyls carbon of a carboxylic acid or derivative, they form ____.
When alcohols "attack" ____, they form hemiketals and hemiacetals.
When alcohols "attack" ketones and aldehydes, they form ____.
____ create eectophilic and nucleophilic regions.
Nucleophilicity is the tendency of an atom to ____
Nucleophilicity and electronegativity follow ____ trends.
Almost all of the atoms that bond with carbon are ____ electronegative.
To act as nucleophiles, alcohols and amines usually require a ____ solvent.
Nucleophilic reactions often compete or coexist with ____ reactions.
If a portion of the molecule leaves, it is called the ____.
A good leaving group is defined by its ____ in solution.
Atoms with a greater number of ____ their charges and thus make good leaving groups.
The type of reaction, in which one molecule attacks and another leaves, is called a ____ reaction.