903 cards
Electrons concentrate around the area of highest electronegativity, giving the area ____.
Electrons concentrate around the area of ____ electronegativity, giving the area partial negative ionic character, labeled δ-.
The less electronegative side has a ____.
Functional groups can be divided into two mam groups according to their overall electronic character: ____.
Functional groups can be divided into two mam groups according to their ____: Nucleophillic and Electrophillic.
Nucleophilic functional groups have a ____ charged nuclei.
____ functional groups have a partial negative charge and seek positively charged nuclei.
Electrophilic functional groups have a ____ charged nuclei.
____ functional groups have a partial positive charge and seek negatively charged nuclei.
Nucleophiles ____ electrons and usually "attack" functional groups with partial positive charges.
____ donate electrons and usually "attack" functional groups with partial positive charges.
Nucleophiles donate electrons and usually ____ charges.
Electroophiles ____ electrons and usually get "attacked" functional groups with partial negative charges.
____ accept electrons and usually get "attacked" functional groups with partial negative charges.
Electroophiles accept electrons and usually ____ charges.
Nucleophiles are also called ____.
Electrophiles are also called ____.
____ are unique molecules that share the same molecular formula.
____ isomers have the same molecular formula but different bond-to-bond connectivity.
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different ____.
The ____ conformers.
The eclipsed conformers exist at ____ energy than staggered conformers.
____ are different spatial orientations of the same molecule.
Conformational isomers or conformers are different ____ of the same molecule.
The difference in energy levels between eclipsed and staggered conformers is due in large part to ____.
____ are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.
Enantiomers are ____ images of one another.
Enantiomers must have ____ absolute configurations at each and every chiral carbon.
____ must have opposite absolute configurations at each and every chiral carbon.
Two unique molecules with the same molecular formula and the same bond-to-bond connectivity are called ____.
The two major types of stereoisomers are ____.
The two major types of ____ are enantiomers and diastereomers.
Molecules that have "____" are called chiral molecules.
Molecules that have "handedness" are called ____ molecules.
Any carbon is chiral when it is bonded to ____ different substituents.
Any carbon is ____ when it is bonded to four different substituents.
The only one way to describe the physical orientation of atoms about a chiral center such as a chiral carbon is to provide the ____ of the…
The highest priority in absolute configurations is given to the atom with ____
If two of the atoms are the same element while determing absolute configurations, then ____
While determining absolute configuration priorities, substituents on double bonds are counted t____imes.
When determing absolute confguartion, the lowest priority group is oriented ____ the page.
When determing absolute confguartion, the ____ priority group is oriented into the page.
A circle drawn with ____ motion indicates an absolute configuration of R.
A circle drawn with clockwise motion indicates an absolute configuration of ____.
A circle drawn with ____ motion indicates an absolute configuration of S.
A circle drawn with counter-clockwise motion indicates an absolute configuration of ____.
The mirror image of a chiral atom always has the ____ absolute configuration.
For absolute configuration, you draw a circle from ____ priority.
Two molecules have the same ____ configuration about a chiral carbon if they differ by only one substituent.
Two molecules have the same relative configuration about a chiral carbon if they differ by ____ substituent.
Determining the direction of rotation of light for each enantiomer requires ____
Light is made up of ____ waves.
A ____ screens out photons with all but one orientation of electric field.
A polarimeter screens out photons with all but o____rientation of electric field.
Light screened from polarimeter consists of photons with their electric fields oriented in the same direction, called the ____ light.
The orientation of the electric field produced by a photon is rotated when that photon ____
The enantiomer of a given molecule rotates the electric field to ____e direction.
For compounds with ____, the net result is no rotation of the plane of the electromagnetic field, and are called optically inactive.
For compounds with no enantiomer or for an equal mixture of enantiomers, the net result is ____.
Optically inactive compounds may be compounds with ____.