557 cards
When ____ react with a ketone , a/an ketal is formed
Nitrogen and nitrogen derivatives react with carbonyls to form ____
Nitrogen and nitrogen derivatives react with ____ to form imines
Imines can tautomerize to form ____.
Imines can t____o form enamines.
____ can tautomerize to form enamines.
Hydrogen cyanide reacts with carbonyls to form ____
____ reacts with carbonyls to form cyanohydrins
Hydrogen cyanide reacts with ____ to form cyanohydrins
Identify the α-carbon ____
Identify the α-hydrogens
A/an ____ is formed when an α-hydrogen in the molecule of an aldehyde or a ketone is removed.
A/an enolate anion is formed when ____ in the molecule of an aldehyde or a ketone is removed.
A/an enolate anion is formed when an α-hydrogen in the molecule of ____ is removed.
Aldehydes are usually ____ reactive toward nucleophilic substitutions than ketones because of both steric and electronic effects.
Aldehydes are usually more reactive toward nucleophilic substitutions than ketones because of ____.
____ because of both steric and electronic effects.
This is the ____ form of acetone.
This is the keto form of acetone.
This is the keto form of ____.
The term " enol " comes from the fact that it is a/an ____
The term "____" comes from the fact that it is a/an alkene that is also a/an alcohol
____ refers to a chemical equilibrium between a keto form and an enol
Keto-enol tautomerization refers to a ____ between a keto form and an enol
Keto form is much ____ common than enol form.
____ form.
In a Michael addition reaction, a/an ____, creating a bond.
In a ____ reaction, a/an enolate attacks a/an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, creating a bond.
Removal of a proton from the less substituted (and less hindered) α-carbon gives the ____ enolate.
Removal of a proton from the ____ hindered) α-carbon gives the kinetic enolate.
Removal of a ____ from the less substituted (and less hindered) α-carbon gives the kinetic enolate.
Removal of a proton from the more substituted (and more hindered) α-carbon gives the ____ enolate.
Removal of a proton from the ____ hindered) α-carbon gives the thermodynamic enolate.
An aldol is a/an ____.
____ is a/an aldehyde plus a/an alcohol.
Aldol addition is a powerful way to create a ____ bond.
Aldol ____ is a powerful way to create a carbon-carbon bond.
An aldol condensation reaction starts with a/an ____.
____ reaction starts with a/an aldol addition to create a/an aldol.
An aldol nucleophile is the ____ formed from the deprotonation of the α-carbon.
An aldol nucleophile is the enolate formed from ____.
An aldol ____ is the enolate formed from the deprotonation of the α-carbon.
An aldol electrophile is a/an ____.
An aldol ____ is a/an aldehyde or ketone.
A/an ____ is the reverse of an aldol reaction.
____ functional groups contain a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group connected to the same carbon.
Carboxylic acids use the suffix ____.
____ use the suffix – oic acid .
Carboxylic acids have a high boiling point due to ____
Carboxylic acids have a high ____ due to hydrogen bonding
The acidity of a carboxylic acid can be enhanced by substituents that are electron-____.
The ____ of a carboxylic acid can be enhanced by substituents that are electron-withdrawing.
The acidity of a carboxylic acid can be ____ by substituents that are electron-withdrawing.
The acidity of a carboxylic acid can be decreased by substituents that are electron-____
The acidity of a carboxylic acid can be ____ by substituents that are electron-donating
Identify the acidic proton ____
Identify the most acidic proton
Carboxylic acids can be made by the o____f 1° alcohols or aldehydes .
Carboxylic acids can be made by the oxidation of ____.
____ can be made by the oxidation of 1° alcohols or aldehydes .