128 cards
A carboxylic acid contains both a ____ group, bonded to the same carbon.
Carboxylic acids are named by adding the suffix ____ to the parent root when the carboxylic acid is the highest-priority functional group.
The same common-name prefixes are used for both aldehydes and carboxylic acids: ____ for three.
Cyclic carboxylic acids are named by listing the cycloalkane with the suffix ____.
Salts of carboxylic acids are named beginning with the cation, followed by the name of the acid with the ending ____ replacing – oic acid .
____, followed by the name of the acid with the ending – oate replacing – oic acid .
The smallest dicarboxylic acid is oxalic acid, with ____ carbons.
The smallest dicarboxylic acid is ____, with two carbons.
The next five straight-chain dicarboxylic acids are, starting at 3 carbons: ____ acids.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 3 carbons.
Malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ carbons.
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ carbons.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 4 carbons.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 5 carbons.
Glutaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ carbons.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 6 carbons.
Adipic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ carbons.
Pimelic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ carbons.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 7 carbons.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 4 carbons, and cis double bond.
Maleic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ double bond.
Fumaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid with ____ double bond.
____ acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 4 carbons, and trans double bond.
Carboxylic acids display particularly strong intermolecular attractions because both the hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen can participat…
Carboxylic acids display particularly strong ____ attractions because both the hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen can participate in hydro…
As a result of ____, carboxylic acids tend to form dimers readily .
As a result of hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen, carboxylic acids tend to form ____ readily .
Multiple hydrogen bonds elevate the ____ points of carboxylic acids past those of corresponding alcohols.
Boiling points tend to increase with increasing ____.
The hydroxyl hydrogen of a carboxylic acid is quite ____.
The acidic hydroxyl hydrogen of carboxylic acids results in a ____ charge that remains after the hydrogen is removed and resonance stabiliz…
The acidic hydroxyl hydrogen of carboxylic acids results in a negative charge that remains after the hydrogen is removed and ____ occurs be…
____e results in a very stable carboxylate anion.
Anything that stabilizes a conjugate base A – , makes the starting ____ more acidic.
Anything that stabilizes a ____, makes the starting acid H–A more acidic.
Anything that stabilizes a conjugate base A – , makes the starting acid H–A more ____.
Carboxylic acids are relatively acidic with pK a values of around ____.
Substituents on carbon atoms near a carboxyl group influence an____d therefore affect acidity.
Substituents on carbon atoms near a carboxyl group influence anion stability and therefore affect ____.
The closer the ____ substituent groups are to the carboxyl group, the greater the acidity will be.
The closer the electron withdrawing substituent groups are to the carboxyl group, the greater the ____ will be.
Carboxylic acids are electron-____ due to the electronegative oxygen atoms they contain.
Carboxylic acids are electron-withdrawing due to the ____ they contain.
Rank order of stability, and by extension acidity from least to most: Dicarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids, and carboxylate anion of di…
β - dicarboxylic acids are dicarboxylic acids in which each carboxylic acid is positioned on the ____-carbon of the other.
Loss of acidic hydrogen in β -dicarboxylic acids, is stabilized by the e____.
The ____ is the most acidic proton on a carboxylic acid, pK a of around 5.
The hydroxyl hydrogen is the most acidic proton on a carboxylic acid, pK a of around ____.
In 1,3-dicarbonyls, the α -hydrogen is also quite acidic, pK a of around ____.
In ____, the α -hydrogen is also quite acidic, pK a of around 9.
The oxidant to prepare carboxylic acid is often a ____.
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction Step #1: ____ Step #2: Elimination of the leaving group forms the substitution product.
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction Step #1: The nucleophile attacks the carbonyl group, cleaving the π bond, and forming a tetrahedral…
Recall that the ____ leaving group is the weakest base.
Recall that the best leaving group is the ____ base.
Most to Least Reactive Carboxylic Derivative ____.
Least to Most Stable Carboxylic Derivative ____.
Most to Least Basic Leaving Group of Carboxylic Derivatives ____.
Best to Worst Leaving Group of Carboxylic Derivatives ____.
More reactive acyl compounds can be converted to less reactive acyl compounds by ____.