903 cards
Aldehydes and ketones react with amines via ____ reaction to form imines and enamines.
Aldehydes and ketones react with amines via nucleophilic addition reaction to form ____.
Saturated carboxylic acids with more than ____ carbons are generally solids.
Saturated carboxylic acids with more than 8 carbons are generally ____.
The double bonds in unsaturated carboxylic acids impede the crystal lattice, lowering the ____ point.
Carboxylic acids with ____ carbons or fewer are miscible with water.
Carboxylic acids with 5 or more carbons become increasingly less ____ with water.
Nucleophillic Addition Under Acidic Conditions: Step 1 : ____. Step 2 : A nucleophile attacks the protonated carbonyl group.
Nucleophillic Addition Under Acidic Conditions: Step 1 : Protonation occurs at the carbonyl group, rendering it more electrophillic. Step 2…
Nucleophillic Addition Under Basic Conditions: Step 1 : ____. Step 2 : Protonation occurs at the tetrahedral intermediate upon treatment wi…
Nucleophillic Addition Under Basic Conditions: Step 1 : A nucleophile attacks the carbonyl group and forms a tetrahedral intermediate. Step…
An imine looks much like a carbonyl as there is a ____ bond.
____ looks much like a carbonyl as there is a carbon-nitrogen double bond.
____ is an alkene with an amine substituent.
An enamine is an alkene with ____ substituent.
Enamines are ____ stable than enols.
What would happen if an acid catalyst were added at the beginning of the following reaction, instead of after the first reaction had occurr…
In a reaction between an amine and an aldehyde or ketone, the amine acts as a ____.
In a reaction between an amine and an aldehyde or ketone, the a____cts as a nucleophile.
If the original amine has only one R group (RNH 2 ) or no R group (NH 3 ), ____ is formed.
If the original amine has ____, an imine is formed.
If the original amine has ____, the N cannot afford a double bond to the carbonyl carbon.
Tertiary amines, which have three R groups (R 3 N) do not have a proton to lose and will not react with c____ompounds.
If the original amine has ____, the aldehyde or ketone gives up its alpha proton and C=O bond to produce an enamine.
If the original amine has two R groups (R 2 NH), the aldehyde or ketone gives up ____ to produce an enamine.
If the original amine has two R groups (R 2 NH), the aldehyde or ketone gives up its alpha proton and C=O bond to produce ____.
Organometallic reagents (R-) and hydride ions (H-) both react with aldehydes and ketones via nucleophilic addition to form ____.
____ both react with aldehydes and ketones via nucleophilic addition to form alcohols.
Organometallic reagents (R-) and hydride ions (H-) both react with aldehydes and ketones via ____ to form alcohols.
Organometallic reagents (R-) and hydride ions (H-) both react with a____ via nucleophilic addition to form alcohols.
Organometallic reagents are strongly ____.
Organometallic reagents are potent ____.
Organometallic reagents possess a ____ bond and are represented as RH 2 C - M + .
Organometallic compounds are also called ____ reagents.
____ compounds are also called Grignard reagents.
The most common reaction for organometallic compounds is nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of ____, which produces an alcohol afte…
The most common reaction for organometallic compounds is nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde or ketone, which produce…
The most common reaction for organometallic compounds is nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde or ketone, which produce…
The use of ____ to synthesize alcohols is called reduction synthesis.
The use of hydrides to synthesize ____ is called reduction synthesis.
The use of hydrides to synthesize alcohols is called ____.
Reduction synthesis occurs via ____.
Unlike organometallic reagents of an alcohol, the use of ____ does not extend the carbon skeleton.
Unlike ____ reagents of an alcohol, the use of hydrides does not extend the carbon skeleton.
Both NaBH 4 and LiAlH 4 reduce aldehydes and ketones by donating ____.
Only ____ is strong enough to fully reduce carboxylic acids and esters and acetates to alcohols.
____ are nucleophiles that produce cyanohydrins (a nitrile and alcohol attached to the same carbon) when they attack carbonyls.
Nitriles (CN - ) are nucleophiles that produce ____ when they attack carbonyls.
Nitriles (CN - ) are nucleophiles that produce cyanohydrins (a nitrile and alcohol attached to the same carbon) when they attack ____.
When cyanohydrin is exposed to a____, it is converted to a carboxylic acid.
When cyanohydrin is exposed to acid and water, it is converted to a ____.
The primary difference between C and P is that phosphorous has ____
When ____, phosphoric acids form phosphoric anhydrides.
When heated, phosphoric acids form ____.
Phosphoric acids react with ____ to form esters.
Phosphoric acids react with alcohols to form ____.
In a living cell at a pH around 7, triphosphates exist as ____, stabilizing the partial positive charge on the P.
In a living cell at a pH around 7, triphosphates exist as negatively charged ions, stabilizing the ____ on the P.
____ of a oxygen containing compound involves the nucleophilic addition of a hydride ion to a carbonyl.
Reduction of a oxygen containing compound involves the nucleophilic addition of a ____ to a carbonyl.