Biochemistry

Chapter 7: RNA & the Genetic Code

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The ____ is a negative control, repressible system.

____ systems allow constant production of a protein product.

In repressible system, the repressor made by the regulator gene is inactive until it binds to a ____.

In ____ system, the repressor made by the regulator gene is inactive until it binds to a corepressor.

Transcription factors are transcription-activating proteins that search the DNA looking for specific ____.

____ are transcription-activating proteins that search the DNA looking for specific DNA-binding motifs.

Transcription factors tend to have two recognizable domains: ____ domain.

The DNA-binding domain binds to ____ .

A DNA ____ is a sequence of DNA that binds only to specific transcription factors.

A DNA response element is a sequence of DNA that binds only to ____.

The ____ domain of transcription factors allows for the binding of several transcription factors and other important regulatory proteins.

Once the transcription complex is formed, ____ transcription can begin.

The DNA regulatory base sequences are known as ____ regulators.

Transcription factors are known as ____ regulators.

Several response elements may be grouped together to form ____.

Upstream promoter elements must be within ____ bases of start gene.

Enhancer regions in DNA must be within ____ bases of the start gene.

Eukaryotic cells accomplish expression increase through ____.

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged in the nucleus as ____.

In order to get access to DNA, we need to do ____.

Heterochromatin is ____ under the microscope.

Euchromatin is ____ under the microscope.

Remodeling of the chromatin structures regulates ____ levels in the cell.

Histone acetylases acetylate ____ proteins.

____ acetylate lysine residues found in the amino terminal tail regions of histone proteins.

Acetylation of histone proteins decreases the ____ the interaction of the histone with DNA.

____ of histone proteins decreases the positive charge on lysine residues and weakens the interaction of the histone with DNA.

____ are proteins that function to remove acetyl groups from histones.

DNA methylation of genes is often linked with ____.

DNA ____ of genes is often linked with the silencing of gene expression.

DNA methylases add methyl groups to ____ nucleotides.

____ regions of the DNA are much more heavily methylated.

____ will both downregulate the transcription of a gene.

Histone deacetylation and DNA methylation will both ____ the transcription of a gene.

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