274 cards
The addition of a ____ allows peptidyl transferase and termination factors to hydrolyze the completed polypeptide chain from the final tRNA.
The addition of a water molecule allows ____ to hydrolyze the completed polypeptide chain from the final tRNA.
The addition of a water molecule allows peptidyl transferase and termination factors to hydrolyze the completed polypeptide chain from the…
Final Step of Termination: The polypeptide chain is released from the tRNA in the ____.
____ main function is to assist in the protein-folding process.
Chaperones main function is to assist in the pro____cess.
In peptides with signal sequences, ____ if the protein is to enter the organelle and accomplish its function.
In peptides with ____ structure, subunits come together to form the functional protein.
Addition of a phosphate group (PO 4 2– ) by protein kinases to peptides can ____
Addition of ____ to peptides, usually to serve as calcium-binding sites.
Addition of carboxylic acid groups to peptides, usually to serve as ____ sites.
Addition of oligosaccharides as proteins pass through the ER and Golgi apparatus is usually to ____.
Addition of ____ as proteins pass through the ER and Golgi apparatus is usually to determine cellular destination.
____ — addition of lipid groups to certain membrane-bound enzymes.
Prenylation — addition of ____ to certain membrane-bound enzymes.
____ is a cluster of genes transcribed as a single mRNA.
Operon is a cluster of genes transcribed as a single ____.
The ____ model is used to describe the structure and function of operons.
In Jacob-Monod model, operons contain ____.
The structural gene codes for ____.
The ____ gene codes for the protein of interest.
Upstream of the structural gene is the ____.
Upstream of the ____ gene is the operator site.
Operator site is a ____.
____ is a nontranscribable region of DNA that is capable of binding a repressor protein.
____ provides a place for RNA polymerase to bind, on inducible systems.
Promoter site provides a place for ____ to bind, on inducible systems.
Regulator gene, codes for a protein known as the ____.
____ gene, codes for a protein known as the repressor.
There are two types of operons: ____ systems.
In inducible systems , the repressor is bonded tightly to the ____.
An inducer must bind the ____ protein so that RNA polymerase can move down the gene.
As the concentration of the inducer increases, it will pull more copies of the repressor off of the operator region, freeing up those genes…
As the concentration of the inducer increases, it will pull more copies of the ____ region, freeing up those genes for transcription.
As the concentration of the in____creases, it will pull more copies of the repressor off of the operator region, freeing up those genes for…
A classic example of an inducible system is the ____.
Bacteria can digest lactose, but it is ____ energetically expensive than digesting glucose.
Bacteria can digest lactose, but it is more energetically expensive than digesting ____.
The lac operon is induced by the presence of ____.
The lac operon is assisted by binding of the ____.
CAP is a transcriptional activator used by ____ when glucose levels are low.
CAP is a transcriptional activator used by E. coli when ____ levels are low.
CAP is a ____ used by E. coli when glucose levels are low.
____ is a transcriptional activator used by E. coli when glucose levels are low.
Falling levels of glucose cause an increase in ____, which binds to CAP.
Falling levels of glucose cause an increase in the signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP), which binds to ____.
Low ____ Levels → Increase in cAMP → Binds to CAP → Conformational Change in CAP → Binds Promoter Region → Increase in Transcription of Lac…
Low Glucose Levels → Increase in ____ → Conformational Change in CAP → Binds Promoter Region → Increase in Transcription of Lactase Gene.
Low Glucose Levels → Increase in cAMP → Binds to CAP → Conformational Change in ____ Gene.
Negative Control System — ____.
____ System — The binding of a protein to DNA stops transcription.
Positive Control System — ____.
____ System — The binding of a protein to DNA increases transcription.
____ System — The system is normally “off” but can be made to turn “on,” given a particular signal.
Inducible System — ____.
Repressible System — ____.
____ System — The system is normally “on” but can be made to turn “off,” given a particular signal.
The ____ is a negative control, inducible system.
The lac operon is a ____ system.
The trp operon is a ____ system.