Biochemistry

Chapter 7: RNA & the Genetic Code

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RNA polymerase I transcribes the 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNAs as a single unit within the nucleolus, which results in a ____ ribosomal precurso…

RNA polymerase I transcribes the ____ rRNAs as a single unit within the nucleolus, which results in a 45S ribosomal precursor RNA.

RNA polymerase ____ transcribes the 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNAs as a single unit within the nucleolus, which results in a 45S ribosomal precur…

RNA polymerase I transcribes the 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNAs as a single unit within the ____, which results in a 45S ribosomal precursor RNA.

The ____ is processed to become the 18S rRNA of the 40S ribosomal subunit and the 28S and 5.8S rRNAs of the 60S ribosomal subunit.

The 45S pre-rRNA is processed to become the ____S rRNAs of the 60S ribosomal subunit.

The 45S pre-rRNA is processed to become the 18S rRNA of the ____S ribosomal subunit.

RNA polymerase ____ transcribes the 5S rRNA, which is also found in the 60S ribosomal subunit.

RNA polymerase III transcribes the ____S rRNA, which is also found in the 60S ribosomal subunit.

RNA polymerase III transcribes the 5S rRNA, which is also found in the ____S ribosomal subunit.

The ribosomal subunits created are the ____S subunits.

The 60S and 40S subunits join during ____ to form the whole 80S ribosome.

The 60S and 40S subunits join during protein synthesis to form the whole ____S ribosome.

The ____S subunits join during protein synthesis to form the whole 80S ribosome.

The 60S subunit consists of ____S rRNAs.

The ____S subunit consists of 5S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs.

The 40S subunit consists of ____S rRNA.

The ____S subunit consists of 18S rRNA.

The 50S subunit consists of ____S rRNA.

The ____S subunit consists of 5S and 23S rRNA.

The 30S subunit consists of ____S rRNA.

The ____S subunit consists of 16S rRNA.

Prokaryotes have 50S and 30S large and small subunits, which assemble to create the complete ____S ribosome.

Prokaryotes have ____S large and small subunits, which assemble to create the complete 70S ribosome.

The numbers of each subunit and each rRNA are not additive because ____.

In ____, the ribosomes start translating before the mRNA is complete.

The process of translation occurs in three stages: ____.

In prokaryotes, the small subunit binds to the ____ region of the mRNA.

In eukaryotes, the small subunit binds to the ____.

The ____ binds to the AUG start codon through base-pairing with its anticodon within the P site of the ribosome.

The charged initiator tRNA binds to the ____ through base-pairing with its anticodon within the P site of the ribosome.

The charged initiator tRNA binds to the AUG start codon through base-pairing with its anticodon within the ____ site of the ribosome.

The initial amino acid of translation in prokaryotes is ____.

The initial amino acid in eukaryotes is ____.

The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small subunit, forming the ____.

Formation of the completed initiation complex, is assisted by ____.

____ is a three-step cycle that is repeated for each amino acid added to the protein after the initiator methionine.

Elongation is a ____-step cycle that is repeated for each amino acid added to the protein after the initiator methionine.

During ____, the ribosome moves in the 5′ to 3′ direction along the mRNA, synthesizing the protein from its amino (N-) to carboxyl (C-) ter…

During elongation, the ribosome moves in the ____′ direction along the mRNA, synthesizing the protein from its amino (N-) to carboxyl (C-)…

During elongation, the ribosome moves in the 5′ to 3′ direction along the mRNA, ____

The ____ site holds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex.

The A site holds the incoming ____.

The ____ site holds the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain.

The P site holds the t____hat carries the growing polypeptide chain.

A peptide bond is formed as the polypeptide is passed from the tRNA in the ____ site.

A ____ is formed as the polypeptide is passed from the tRNA in the P site to the tRNA in the A site.

Polypeptide passing from the tRNA in the P site to the tRNA in the A site, requires ____.

Peptidyl transferase is an enzyme that is part of the ____ subunit.

____ is used for energy during the formation of the peptide bond.

The E site is where the now ____ pauses transiently before exiting the ribosome.

The ____ site is where the now inactivated (uncharged) tRNA pauses transiently before exiting the ribosome.

As the now-uncharged tRNA enters the E site, it quickly unbinds from the ____.

____ assist by locating and recruiting aminoacyl-tRNA along with GTP, while helping to remove GDP once the energy has been used.

Elongation factors (EF) assist by locating and recruiting a____ once the energy has been used.

Some eukaryotic proteins contain ____, which designate a particular destination for the protein.

Peptides to be secreted: Ribosome → ____ → Vesicle.

Peptides to be secreted: ____.

When any of the three stop codons moves into the ____ site, a protein called release factor (RF) binds to the termination codon.

When any of the three stop codons moves into the A site, a protein called ____.

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