Question
Reduction of aldehydes and ketones is often performed by ____ reagents.
Answer
Reduction of aldehydes and ketones is often performed by hydride reagents.
Note ↑: A process that adds electronegative atoms
such as halogen or oxygen to, or removes hydrogen from, a molecule constitutes an oxidation.
Conversely, the removal of halogen or oxygen or the addition of hydrogen is defined as
reduction. This definition of an oxidation-reduction relation allows us to relate alcohols to aldehydes
and ketones. Addition of two hydrogen atoms to the double bond of a carbonyl group constitutes reduction to the corresponding alcohol. Aldehydes give primary alcohols; ketones give
secondary alcohols. The reverse process, removal of hydrogen to furnish carbonyl compounds,
is an example of oxidation. Together, these processes are referred to as redox reactions.
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A ____ has two alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl.
____ has one alkyl group and one hydrogen bonded to a carbonyl.
Aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from ____ .
____ is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring .
____ are named by replacing the – e at the end of the alkane name with the suffix – al .
Aldehydes are named by replacing the ____.