140 cards
After the chair flip, ____
After the chair flip, ____
Interconversion of cyclohexane can be slowed if a ____ group is attached to the ring.
For substituted rings, the bulkiest group will favor the ____ position.
Bulkiest group will favor the equatorial position to reduce ____ with axial groups in the molecule.
If both bulkiest groups are located on the same side of the ring, the molecule is called ____ .
If both bulkiest groups are located on the s____ide of the ring, the molecule is called cis .
If bulkiest groups are located on the opposite side of the ring, the molecule is called ____ .
If bulkiest groups are located on the ____ side of the ring, the molecule is called trans .
List the cyclohexane ring conformations from least stable to most stable: ____
The two categories of configurational isomers are ____.
Both enantiomers and diastereomers can also be considered ____ because the different spatial arrangement of groups in these molecules affec…
Both ____ can also be considered optical isomers because the different spatial arrangement of groups in these molecules affects the rotatio…
Both enantiomers and diastereomers can also be considered optical isomers because ____.
An object is considered ____ if its mirror image cannot be superimposed on the original object.
An object is considered chiral if ____
____be superimposed.
A ____ is an atom that has four different groups bonded to it in such a manner that it has a nonsuperimposable mirror image.
A chiral center is an atom that has ____
Chiral centers ____ a plane of symmetry.
Two molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are called ____.
Diastereomers are chiral and share the same connectivity, but ____
____ are chiral and share the same connectivity, but are not mirror images of each other.
Enantiomers have the same connectivity but ____ configurations at every chiral center in the molecule.
Enantiomers have nearly identical physical properties and chemical properties. ____
A compound is optically active if it has the ability to ____
Ordinary light is ____.
Ordinary light is unpolarized, which means ____.
A polarizer ____, producing plane-polarized light.
A compound that rotates the plane of polarized light to the ____, is dextrorotatory (d-) and is labeled (+).
A compound that rotates the plane of polarized light to the right, or clockwise, is ____.
A compound that rotates the plane of polarized light to the ____, is levorotatory (l-) and is labeled (-).
A compound that rotates the plane of polarized light to the left, or counterclockwise, is ____.
The direction of light rotation ____
The amount of rotation depends on ____.
The number of molecules that a light wave encounters as it passes through the polarize depends on two factors: 1. ____.
Plane polarized rotations measured at different concentrations and tube lengths can be converted to ____ .
Specific rotation equation is:____
- [ α ] is ____ in dm
- [ α ] is specific rotation in ____
- ____ is the path length in dm
When both (+) and (–) enantiomers are present in equal concentrations, they form ____.
A racemic mixture displays ____
The fact that enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties prompts a question about racemic mixtures: how can one separate t…
Diastereomers occur when a molecule has ____ stereogenic centers and differs at some, but not all, of these centers.
Diastereomers occur when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers and differs at ____ of these centers.
____ occur when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers and differs at some, but not all, of these centers.
For any molecule with n chiral centers, there are ____ possible stereoisomers.
Diastereomers do not rotate plane polarized light. ____
Knowing the specific rotation of one diastereomer gives no indication of the specific rotation of another diastereomer. ____
Cis–trans isomers are a specific subtype of diastereomers in which substituents differ in their position ____
isomers are a specific subtype of diastereomers in which substituents differ in their position around an immovable bond.
Cis–trans isomers are a specific subtype of ____ in which substituents differ in their position around an immovable bond.
Cis-trans isomers were formerly called ____.
____ were formerly called geometric isomers.
In simple compounds with only one substituent on either side of the immovable bond, we use the terms ____ for the isomers.
In complicated compounds with polysubstituted double bonds, we use the terms ____ for the isomers.
A molecule with chiral centers that has an internal plane of symmetry is called ____ .
For a molecule to have optical activity, it must ____
The configuration of a stereoisomer refers to ____.