74 cards
Amino acids contain an ____.
The α -carbon, with its four different groups, is a c____enter.
____ does not have a stereogenic center.
All naturally occurring amino acids in eukaryotes are optically ____-isomers.
____-amino acids have (S) configurations
L-amino acids have (____) configurations
____ has (R) configuration.
Cysteine has (____) configuration.
Amino acids, with their acidic ____ group, are amphoteric molecules.
Amino acids, with their acidic carboxyl group and basic amino group, are ____ molecules.
Amino acids, with their ____ amino group, are amphoteric molecules.
On amino acids, amino groups can take on a positive charge by being ____.
On amino acids, ____ groups can take on a positive charge by being protonated.
On amino acids, amino groups can take on a ____ charge by being protonated.
On amino acids, ____ groups can take on a negative charge by being deprotonated.
On amino acids, carboxyl groups can take on a negative charge by being ____.
On amino acids, carboxyl groups can take on a ____ charge by being deprotonated.
When an amino acid is put into solution, it will take on both positive and negative charges, forming a ____
In ____ solutions, the amino acid can become fully deprotonated.
In basic solutions, the amino acid can become ____.
In ____ solutions, the amino acid can become fully protonated.
In acidic solutions, the amino acid can become ____.
Proteogenic amino acids are grouped into five categories: ____.
Aromatic amino acids include ____.
____ amino acids tend to have terminal groups containing oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
Polar amino acids tend to have terminal groups containing ____.
____ amino acids are all hydrophilic amino acids.
Nonpolar nonaromatic amino acids tend to have side chains that are ____.
____ amino acids are also hydrophobic and tend to be sequestered in the interior of proteins.
Nonpolar amino acids are also ____ of proteins.
Proline is a ____ group.
____ is a cyclic nonpolar (not aromatic tho) amino acid with a secondary amine group.
Amino acids undergo condensation reactions to form ____.
Amino acids undergo ____ reactions to form peptide bonds.
Hydrolysis of the peptide bond, is catalyzed by ____.
Amides have ____ resonance structures.
Rotation is limited around the peptide bond because r____.
In the Strecker synthesis, one starts with ____.
In the ____, one starts with an aldehyde, ammonium chloride ( NH 4 Cl), and potassium cyanide (KCN).
Strecker Synthesis: Step #1: ____. Step #2: Ammonia can attack the carbonyl carbon, forming an imine . Step #3 : The imine carbon is also s…
Strecker Synthesis: Step #1: The carbonyl oxygen is protonated, increasing the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Step #2: ____. Step…
Strecker Synthesis: Step #1: The carbonyl oxygen is protonated, increasing the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Step #2: Ammonia ca…
Strecker Synthesis: Step #1: The carbonyl oxygen is protonated, increasing the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Step #2: Ammonia ca…
The last step of Strecker synthesis can be performed in a____.
The ____ synthesis uses a resonance-stabilized nitrogen nucleophile to synthesize 1° amines via nucleophilic substitution.
The Gabriel synthesis uses a ____.
An amino acid is generated from phthalimide and diethyl bromomalonate, using ____.
An amino acid is generated from ____, using two S N 2 reactions, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation.
Gabriel Synthesis: Step #1: ____. Step #2: Add a base to deprotonate the alkylated imide we formed, allowing it to act as a nucleophile. St…
Gabriel Synthesis: Step #1: Potassium phthalimide is reacted with diethyl bromomalonate in an SN 2 reaction to form a substitution product…
Gabriel Synthesis: Step #1: Potassium phthalimide is reacted with diethyl bromomalonate in an SN 2 reaction to form a substitution product…
Gabriel Synthesis: Step #1: Potassium phthalimide is reacted with diethyl bromomalonate in an SN 2 reaction to form a substitution product…
Gabriel Synthesis: Step #1: Potassium phthalimide is reacted with diethyl bromomalonate in an SN 2 reaction to form a substitution product…
Both the ____ synthesis methods result in a racemic mixture of amino acids.
Both the Strecker and Gabriel synthesis methods result in a ____ mixture of amino acids.
The Gabriel synthesis begins with phthalimide, one of a group of compounds called ____.
The N-H bond of an imide is especially acidic because ____.
The N-H bond of an imide is especially ____ because the resulting anion is resonance stabilized by the two flanking carbonyl groups.
In a biochemical context, phosphoric acid is sometimes referred to as a ____ .
In a biochemical context, ____ is sometimes referred to as a phosphate group or inorganic phosphate .