119 cards
Inhibitory signals cause ____ of the neuron.
____ signals cause hyperpolarization of the neuron.
____ refers to the integration of multiple signals near each other in time.
Temporal summation refers to ____.
____ refers to the addition of multiple signals near each other in space.
Spatial summation refers to ____.
When enough excitatory stimulation occurs, the cell is ____e and voltage-gated sodium channels open.
When enough excitatory stimulation occurs, the cell is depolarized to the threshold voltage and ____ open.
Sodium flows into the neuron due to its strong ____.
At the peak of the action potential, ____ channels open.
At the ____ of the action potential, sodium channels are inactivated and potassium channels open.
Potassium flows out of the neuron due to its strong electrochemical gradient, ____ the cell.
After the peak of action potential, potassium channels stay open long enough to ____ neuron.
After the peak of action potential, ____ channels stay open long enough to overshoot the action potential, resulting in a hyperpolarized ne…
While the axon is ____, it is in its refractory period.
While the axon is hyperpolarized, it is in its ____.
During the ____, the cell is unable to fire another action potential.
During the absolute refractory period, the cell is ____
During the ____, the cell requires a larger than normal stimulus to fire an action potential.
During the relative refractory period, the cell requires a ____ than normal stimulus to fire an action potential.
The impulse propagates down the length of the axon because the ____.
During impulse propagation, the ____ segment of the axon is in its refractory period.
During impulse propagation, the preceding segment of the axon is in ____
The fact that the preceding segment of the axon is in its refractory period means ____.
At the nerve terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the ____.
When the action potential arrives at the nerve terminal, ____
When the action potential arrives at the ____, voltage-gated calcium channels open.
The influx of calcium causes ____.
The influx of ca____uses fusion of vesicles filled with neurotransmitter with the presynaptic membrane, resulting in exocytosis of neurotra…
The neurotransmitters released from nerve terminal bind to ____.
Neurotransmitters must be cleared from the postsynaptic receptors to ____
Three ways neurotransmitters can be cleared from the postsynaptic receptors: 1. ____.
There are three types of neurons in the nervous system: ____.
The nervous system is made up of the ____.
CNS comprises the ____.
____ comprises the brain and spinal cord.
PNS comprises the ____.
____ comprises the cranial and spinal nerves.
Motor neurons are ____.
____ neurons are efferent.
Sensory neurons are ____.
____ neurons are afferent.
In the CNS, ____ matter consists of myelinated axons.
In the CNS, white matter consists of ____.
In the CNS, ____ matter consists of unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites.
In the CNS, grey matter consists of ____.
In the ____, white matter is deeper than grey matter.
In the brain, ____ matter.
In the ____, grey matter is deeper than white matter.
In the spinal cord, ____ matter.
The PNS is divided into the ____ nervous systems.
The autonomic nervous system is divided into the ____ branches.
The ____ nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) and sympathetic (fight-or-flight) branches.
Reflex arcs use the ability of in____ the spinal cord to relay information to the source of a stimulus while simultaneously routing it to t…
____ use the ability of interneurons in the spinal cord to relay information to the source of a stimulus while simultaneously routing it to…
In a ____ reflex arc, the sensory (afferent, presynaptic) neuron fires directly onto the motor (efferent, postsynaptic) neuron.
In a monosynaptic reflex arc, the ____ neuron.
In a ____ reflex arc, the sensory neuron may fire onto a motor neuron as well as interneurons that fire onto other motor neurons.
In a polysynaptic reflex arc, the sensory neuron may fire onto a ____s that fire onto other motor neurons.