Biology

Chapter 4: The Nervous System

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____ are highly specialized cells responsible for the conduction of impulses.

Neurons are highly specialized cells responsible for ____.

Neurons communicate using both ____ forms of communication.

Electrical neuron communication occurs via ____.

____ neuron communication occurs via ion exchange and the generation of membrane potentials down the length of the axon.

Chemical neuron communication occurs via ____.

____ neuron communication occurs via neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic cell and the binding of these neurotransmitters to the p…

____ are appendages of neurons that receive signals from other cells.

Dendrites are appendages of neurons that ____

The ____ is the location of the neuron's nucleus as well as other organelles.

The cell body or soma is the location of the neuron's ____.

The ____ of a neuron is where the cell body transitions to the axon.

The axon hillock of a neuron is where ____

The actions potentials are initiated at ____

The ____ of a neuron is a long appendage down which an action potential travels.

The ____ of a neuron is the end of the axon from which neurotransmitters are released.

The nerve terminal or synaptic bouton of a neuron is ____

____ of neurons are exposed areas of myelinated axons.

Nodes of Ranvier of neurons are ____

Nodes of Ranvier of neurons permit ____ conduction.

____ of neurons permit saltatory conduction.

The synapse consists of the ____.

____ of a neuron is an insulating substance that prevents signal loss.

Myelin is created by ____ in the central nervous system.

Myelin is created by oligodendrocytes in the ____ nervous system.

____ is created by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.

Myelin is created by ____ in the peripheral nervous system.

Myelin is created by Schwann cells in the ____ nervous system.

____ is created by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Myelin prevents dissipation of ____.

____ are a bundle of axons in the central nervous system.

Tracts are a bundle of axons in the ____ nervous system.

Nerves are a bundle of axons in the ____ nervous system.

____ are a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system.

A single nerve may carry ____

Tracts may carry ____

Cell bodies of neurons of the same type within a nerve cluster together in ____ in the peripheral nervous system.

Cell bodies of neurons of the same type within a nerve cluster together in ganglia in the ____ nervous system.

Cell bodies of the individual neurons within a tract cluster together in ____ in the central nervous system.

Cell bodies of the individual neurons within a tract cluster together in nuclei in the ____ nervous system.

____ are other cells within the nervous system in addition to neurons.

____ nourish neurons and form the blood–brain barrier.

Astrocytes ____

____ line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Ependymal cells line the ____.

____ are phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the central nervous system.

Microglia ____

____ are glial cells that cover the surface of nerve cell bodies in PNS.

Satellite glial cells ____

Glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system are ____.

Glial cells found in the ____ nervous system are satellite cells and schwann cells.

Glial cells found in the central nervous system are ____.

Glial cells found in the ____ nervous system are oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

All neurons exhibit a ____ of approximately –70 mV.

All neurons exhibit a resting membrane potential of approximately ____ mV.

Resting potential is maintained using ____.

The Na + /K + ATPase pumps ____ potassium ions pumped in.

The Na + /K + ATPase pumps three ____ ions pumped in.

Excitatory signals cause ____ of the neuron.

____ signals cause depolarization of the neuron.

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