159 cards
The mesoderm layer develops into ____.
The ____ layer develops into circulatory system, skeletal system, and muscular system.
The endoderm layer develops into ____.
The ____ layer develops into digestive system, liver, and pancreas.
The adrenal ____ is derived from the mesoderm layer.
The adrenal cortex is derived from the ____derm layer.
The adrenal ____ is derived from the ectoderm layer.
The adrenal medulla is derived from the ____derm layer.
____ is the development of the nervous system.
Neurulation begins after ____.
The ____ induces a group of overlying ectodermal cells to form neural folds surrounding a neural groove.
The notochord induces a group of overlying ____ cells to form neural folds surrounding a neural groove.
The notochord induces a group of overlying ectodermal cells to form ____.
The ____ fuse to form the neural tube.
The neural folds fuse to form the ____.
The ____ becomes the central nervous system.
The neural tube becomes the ____.
The tip of each neural fold contains ____ cells.
Neural crest cells become the ____ system, as well as specific cell types in other tissues.
____ are substances that interfere with embryo development.
Teratogens are substances that ____
Diabetes in the mother can affect the baby by ____.
Mothers having folic acid deficiency can result in ____ in the baby.
Mothers having ____ deficiency can result in neural tube defects in the baby.
Stem cells are cells that ____.
____ are cells that are capable of developing into various cell types.
Stem cells can be classified by ____.
Totipotent cells are able to differentiate into ____.
____ are able to differentiate into all cell types, including the three germ layers and placental structures.
____ are able to differentiate into all three of the germ layers and their derivatives.
Pluripotent cells are able to differentiate into ____.
____ are able to differentiate into a specific subset of cell types only.
Multipotent cells are able to differentiate into ____.
____ refers to the changes a cell undergoes due to selective transcription to take on characteristics appropriate to its cell line.
Differentiation refers to the changes a cell undergoes due to ____ to take on characteristics appropriate to its cell line.
Cell specialization occurs as a result of ____.
____ occurs as a result of determination and differentiation.
____ in cells is the commitment to a specific cell lineage.
Determination in cells is ____
____ is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape.
Morphogenesis is the biological process that causes ____.
Determination may also occur due to secretion of specific molecules from nearby cells, called ____.
____ may also occur due to secretion of specific molecules from nearby cells, called morphogens.
To respond to a specific morphogen, a cell must have ____.
____ signals act on the same cell that released the signal.
Autocrine signals act on ____.
____ signals act on local cells.
Paracrine signals act on ____.
____ signals act through direct stimulation of adjacent cells.
Juxtacrine signals act through ____.
____ signals act on distant tissues after traveling through the bloodstream.
Endocrine signals act on ____.
____ releases factors to promote the differentiation of a competent responder.
An inducer releases ____ to promote the differentiation of a competent responder.
An inducer releases factors to promote the ____ of a competent responder.
Inducers are often ____, which are peptides that promote differentiation and mitosis in certain tissues.
Inducers are often growth factors, which are ____
If two tissues both induce further differentiation in each other, this is ____.
____ is programmed cell death via the formation of apoptotic blebs.
Apoptosis is programmed cell death via the formation of ____.