303 cards
In bacteria, there are two main types of cell wall: ____.
The type of cell wall is determined by ____ process
Gram staining process includes a ____.
If the envelope absorbs the crystal violet stain, it will appear ____.
If the envelope ____ the crystal violet stain, it will appear deep purple and the cell is said to be gram-positive.
If the envelope does not absorb the crystal violet stain, but absorbs the safranin counterstain, then the cell will appear ____.
If the envelope does ____, then the cell will appear pink-red, and the cell is said to be gram-negative.
____ cell walls consist of a thick layer of peptidoglycan .
Gram-positive cell walls consist of a thick layer of ____ .
The peptidoglycan cell walls of these bacteria are adjacent to the cell membrane, and are separated from the membrane by the ____.
In addition to the cell wall and cell membrane, gram-negative bacteria also have outer membranes containing ____.
____ are the part of gram-negative bacteria that triggers an immune response in human beings.
____ are long, whiplike structures that can be used for propulsion.
Flagella are long, whiplike structures that can be used for ____.
____ is called chemotaxis.
Bacteria moving in response to chemical stimuli is called ____.
The flagella are composed of ____.
The ____ is a hollow, helical structure composed of flagellin.
The flagellar filament is a hollow, helical structure composed of ____.
The ____ is a complex structure that anchors the flagellum to the cytoplasmic membrane, and acts as the motor of flagellum.
The basal body is a complex structure that ____
The ____ connects the filament and the basal body of the flagella.
____ causing the flagella to spin and thereby propel the bacterium forward.
Prokaryotic DNA is carried ____
DNA acquired from external sources may also be carried on ____
Plasmids carry DNA that is necessary for survival of the prokaryote. ____
Prokaryotes use mitochondria for electron transport chain. ____
Prokaryotic ribosomes contain ____S subunits.
Eukaryotic ribosomes contain ____S ribosomes.
____ is a simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotes.
Binary fission is a simple form of asexual reproduction seen in ____.
In binary fission, the ____ attaches to the cell wall and replicates while the cell continues to grow in size.
Binary Fission Steps: - Parent Cell → ____ → Daughter Cells
The ____ of a prokaryotic cell contains the information that is necessary for the cell to survive and reproduce.
Many bacteria also contain ____ material known as plasmids.
Many bacteria also contain extrachromosomal (extragenomic) material known as ____.
Plasmids often carry genes that impart some benefit to the bacterium, such as ____.
Plasmids may also carry additional ____ factors.
A subset of plasmids called ____ are capable of integrating into the genome of the bacterium.
A subset of plasmids called episomes are capable of ____
____ helps increase bacterial diversity and thus permits evolution of a bacterial species over time.
Bacterial genetic recombination helps increase bacterial ____ of a bacterial species over time.
Bacterial genetic recombination processes include ____.
____ of bacteria results from the integration of foreign genetic material into the host genome.
Transformation of bacteria results from ____.
____ is the bacterial form of mating (sexual reproduction).
Conjugation involves two cells forming a ____ between them that facilitates the transfer of genetic material.
Conjugation involves two cells forming a conjugation bridge between them that ____
Conjugation transfer is ____.
Conjugation transfer occurs from the ____.
The conjugation bridge is made from ____ that are found on the donor male.
The conjugation bridge is made from appendages called sex pili that are found on the ____.
To form the pilus, bacteria must contain plasmids known as ____ that contain the necessary genes.
To form the ____, bacteria must contain plasmids known as sex factors that contain the necessary genes.
The best-studied sex factor is the ____ factor in E. coli .
Bacteria possessing the fertility plasmid are termed ____ cells.
During conjugation ____
A ____ cell is a bacterium with a conjugative plasmid (for example, the F-factor) integrated into its chromosomal DNA.
Transduction is the only genetic recombination process that requires a ____ .
____ is the only genetic recombination process that requires a vector .