920 cards
Structural proteins compose the ____ .
____ convert chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Motor proteins convert ____ by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Motor proteins convert chemical energy into mechanical work by ____.
A/an ____ is any protein that acts as an agent to bind two or more molecules together .
A/an binding protein is any protein that acts as ____ .
____ allow cells to bind to other cells or surfaces .
Cell Adhesion Molecules allow cells to ____.
____ are calcium dependent glycoproteins that hold similar cells together .
Cadherins are ____ that hold similar cells together .
Cadherins are calcium dependent glycoproteins that ____
____ have two membrane-spanning chains and permit cells to adhere to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
Integrins have ____ and permit cells to adhere to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
Integrins have two membrane-spanning chains and permit cells to ____.
____ allow cells to adhere to carbohydrates on the surfaces of other cells and are most commonly used in the immune system.
Selectins allow cells to ____ on the surfaces of other cells and are most commonly used in the immune system.
Selectins allow cells to adhere to carbohydrates ____
____ are used by the immune system to target a specific antigen , which may be a protein on the surface of a pathogen or a toxin .
Antibodies are used by the immune system to target ____, which may be a protein on the surface of a pathogen or a toxin .
Antibodies are used by the immune system to target a specific antigen , which may be ____ .
____ are protein molecules that span across the cell membrane allowing the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other.
Ion channels are protein molecules that span across the cell membrane allowing the passage of ____ from one side of the membrane to the oth…
Ungated ion channels are ____ open.
____ ion channels are always open.
____ open within a range of membrane potentials.
Voltage-gated channels open ____
____ open in the presence of a specific binding substance , usually a hormone or neurotransmitter.
Ligand-gated channels open ____
Enzyme-linked receptors participate in cell signaling through extracellular ligand binding and initiation of ____.
____ detect molecules outside the cell then activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.
G protein-coupled receptors detect molecules outside the cell then activate ____.
The 1st messenger in the above example of a G-protein coupled receptor is ____.
The ____ is the convention that is used to designate the configurations of chiral carbons , only in carbohydrates and amino acids .
The D and L system is the convention that is used to designate the configurations of ____, only in carbohydrates and amino acids .
The D and L system is the convention that is used to designate the configurations of chiral carbons , only in ____ .
____ are " hydrates of carbon. "
____ are stereo isomers that are non-superimposable and mirror images of each other.
Enantiomers are stereo isomers that are ____ images of each other.
A chiral molecule is a type of molecule that ____ mirror image.
A ____ molecule is a type of molecule that lacks an internal plane of symmetry and has a non-superimposable mirror image.
____ are stereo isomers that are non-superimposable and are not mirror images of each other.
Diastereomers are stereo isomers that are ____ images of each other.
____ depending on the number of stereo centers.
Enantiomers only come in pairs because they are mirror images while there can be many more than two diastereomers depending on the number o…
____ are a subtype of diastereomers that differ at exactly one chiral carbon .
Epimers are a subtype of diastereomers that differ at ____ .
____ are a subtype of epimers that differ at the anomeric carbon .
Anomers are a subtype of ____ that differ at the anomeric carbon .
Anomers are a subtype of epimers that differ at the ____ .
A/an ____ is a carbon that, in the acyclic form, is not a stereocenter , but once it takes on the cyclic form, it becomes a stereocenter .
A/an anomeric carbon is a carbon that, in the ____ .
____ is when straight-chain carbohydrates form into rings.
A/an ____ is an anomeric carbon with the group pointing down .
A/an α-anomer is an anomeric carbon with the group pointing ____.
A/an ____ is an anomeric carbon with the group pointing up .
A/an β-anomer is an anomeric carbon with the group pointing ____.
This is an example of a/an ____.
This is an example of a/an Haworth projection.
____ is the spontaneous shift from one anomeric form to another.
Mutarotation is the ____ shift from one anomeric form to another.