113 cards
Waxes are a class of lipids that are extremely ____, usually found in plants.
____ are a class of lipids that are extremely hydrophobic, usually found in plants.
A wax is composed of a ____, which contribute to the high melting point of these substances.
A wax is composed of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol, which contribute to the high ____ of these substances.
Most waxes serve an extracellular function in ____.
____ proteins pass completely through the lipid bilayer.
____ proteins are associated with only the interior (cytoplasmic) or exterior (extracellular) surface of the cell membrane.
Together, ____d proteins are considered integral proteins.
Together, transmembrane and embedded proteins are considered ____ proteins.
Membrane-associated (peripheral) proteins may be bound through ____ interactions with the lipid bilayer.
____ proteins may be bound through electrostatic interactions with the lipid bilayer.
Cell–cell junctions are generally comprised of ____.
____ are proteins that allow cells to recognize each other.
____ allow for direct cell–cell communication.
Gap junctions are also called connexons and are formed by the alignment and interaction of pores composed of ____ molecules of connexin .
____ are also called connexons and are formed by the alignment and interaction of pores composed of six molecules of connexin .
Gap junctions are also called ____ .
____ prevent solutes from leaking into the space between cells via a paracellular route.
Tight junctions prevent solutes from leaking into the space between cells via a ____ route.
Tight junctions are found in ____ cells.
____ can limit permeability enough to create a transepithelial voltage difference based on differing concentrations of ions on either side…
Tight junctions can limit ____ enough to create a transepithelial voltage difference based on differing concentrations of ions on either si…
Tight junctions can limit permeability enough to create a ____ difference based on differing concentrations of ions on either side of the e…
Desmosomes bind adjacent cells by anchoring to their ____.
____ bind adjacent cells by anchoring to their cytoskeletons.
____ are formed by interactions between transmembrane proteins associated with intermediate filaments inside adjacent cells.
Desmosomes are formed by interactions between ____ inside adjacent cells.
Desmosomes are primarily found at ____.
____ main function is to attach epithelial cells to underlying structures.
Hemidesmosomes main function is to attach ____.
Spontaneous processes proceed through ____ transport.
____ processes proceed through passive transport.
____ processes proceed through active transport.
Non-spontaneous processes proceed through ____ transport.
The primary thermodynamic motivator in most passive transport is an increase in ____.
An important point to keep in mind is that all transmembrane movement is based on ____.
Simple diffusion is when molecules move form an area of ____ concentration until equilibrium is achieved.
Simple diffusion is when molecules move form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until ____
____ is when molecules move form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is achieved.
____ describes the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis describes the diffusion of ____.
If the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher than the surrounding solution, the solution is said to be ____ .
If the concentration of solutes inside the cell is ____ the surrounding solution, the solution is said to be hypotonic .
If the concentration of solutes inside the cell is lower than the surrounding solution, the solution is said to be ____ .
If the concentration of solutes inside the cell is ____ the surrounding solution, the solution is said to be hypertonic .
If the concentration of solutes inside the cell is equal to the surrounding solution, the solution is said to be ____ .
If the concentration of solutes inside the cell is ____ the surrounding solution, the solution is said to be isotonic .
____ solution will cause a cell to swell/burst.
Hypotonic solution will cause a cell to ____.
____ solution will cause a cell to shrivel/shrink.
Hypertonic solution will cause a cell to ____.
One method of quantifying the driving force behind osmosis is ____.
Osmotic pressure is a ____ property.