274 cards
The central dogma states that ____.
The central dogma states that DNA is t____ to protein.
The ____ states that DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein.
A ____ code allows multiple codons to encode for the same amino acid.
A degenerate code allows ____ codons to encode for the same amino acid.
Initiation codon: ____.
____ codon: AUG.
____ codons: UAA, UGA, UAG.
Termination codons: ____.
____ allows mutations to occur in the genetic code without effects in the protein.
Messenger RNA is synthesized in the ____′ direction.
The ____ translates the mRNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction.
The ribosome translates the mRNA in the ____′ direction.
The ribosome synthesizes the protein from the ____ terminus.
There are three main types of RNA found in cells: ____.
____ carries the information specifying the amino acid sequence of the protein to the ribosome.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the information specifying the ____ to the ribosome.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the information specifying the amino acid sequence of the protein to the ____.
mRNA is transcribed from ____ by RNA polymerase enzymes in the nucleus of cells.
mRNA is transcribed from template DNA strands by ____ enzymes in the nucleus of cells.
mRNA is transcribed from template DNA strands by RNA polymerase enzymes in the ____ of cells.
mRNA may undergo a host of p____rior to its release from the nucleus.
mRNA may undergo a host of posttranscriptional modifications prior to its release from the ____.
In ____, mRNA is monocistronic .
In eukaryotes, mRNA is ____ .
In ____, mRNA is polycistronic.
In prokaryotes, mRNA is ____.
____ mRNA tells us that each mRNA molecule translates into only one protein product.
____) is responsible for converting the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids and peptides.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for converting the language of ____.
Each tRNA molecule contains a folded strand of RNA that includes a three-nucleotide ____.
Each tRNA molecule contains a ____ strand of RNA that includes a three-nucleotide anticodon.
Activated amino acid or charged tRNA is produced by ____.
Mature tRNA is found in the ____.
Each type of amino acid is activated by a different ____.
Amino acid activation requires two high energy bonds from ____.
The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase transfers the activated amino acid to the ____′ end of the correct tRNA.
The ____ transfers the activated amino acid to the 3′ end of the correct tRNA.
The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase transfers the ____ to the 3′ end of the correct tRNA.
Each tRNA has a ____ nucleotide sequence where the amino acid binds.
The ____ bond will be used to supply the energy needed to create a peptide bond during translation.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized in the ____.
____ is synthesized in the nucleolus.
Many rRNA molecules function as ____ .
Ribozymes are enzymes made of ____ molecules instead of peptides.
____ helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
rRNA helps catalyze the formation of ____ bonds.
During translation, the ____ on a transfer RNA (tRNA).
During translation, the codon of the ____.
During ____, the codon of the mRNA is recognized by a complementary anticodon on a transfer RNA (tRNA).
Every preprocessed eukaryotic protein starts with the exact same amino acid: ____.
If a mutation occurs and it affects one of the nucleotides in a codon, it is known as a ____.
____ mutations that produce a premature stop codon.
Nonsense mutations that produce ____.
____ mutations that produce a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
Missense mutations that produce ____.
____ mutations with no effect on protein synthesis.
____ mutations result from nucleotide addition or deletion, and change the reading frame of subsequent codons.
Frameshift mutations result from ____, and change the reading frame of subsequent codons.
Frameshift mutations result from nucleotide addition or deletion, and change ____.