194 cards
There are two chemically distinct forms of nucleic acids within eukaryotic cells.____.
The bulk of DNA is found in ____.
Nucleosides are composed of a ____.
____ are composed of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base.
Nucleosides are formed by covalently linking the ____.
Nucleotides are formed when one or more ____.
____ are formed when one or more phosphate groups are attached to the C-5' of a nucleoside.
Nucleotides in DNA contain ____.
The backbone of DNA is always read from ____′.
DNA backbone is formed as nucleotides are joined by ____ bonds.
Phosphates carry a ____ charge.
DNA and RNA strands have an overall negative charge, because of ____.
DNA and RNA strands have an overall ____ charge, because of the phosphates.
Each strand of DNA has distinct 5′ and 3′ ends, creating ____ within the backbone.
DNA strands run ____ to one another.
Enzymes that replicate and transcribe DNA only work in the ____′ direction.
There are two families of nitrogen-containing bases found in nucleotides: ____.
____ contain two ring(s) in their structure.
Purines contain ____ ring(s) in their structure.
____ contain one ring(s) in their structure.
Pyrimidines contain ____ ring(s) in their structure.
The two purines found in nucleic acids are a____.
The two ____ found in nucleic acids are adenine ( A ) and guanine ( G ).
The three pyrimidines are ____.
The three ____ are cytosine ( C ), thymine ( T ), and uracil ( U ).
While ____ is only found in RNA.
Purines and pyrimidines are examples of biological ____.
In chemistry, the term aromatic describes any unusually stable ring system that adheres to the following four specific rules: ____>
In an aromatic compound, the extra stability is due to the ____.
All six of the carbon atoms in benzene are ____-hybridized.
Heterocycles are ring structures that contain ____ elements in the ring.
DNA is organized according to the ____ model.
In DNA, there are two strands with ____.
____ always pair with pyrimidines (C, U, and T).
Purines (A and G) always pair with ____.
In DNA, A pairs with T (via ____ hydrogen bonds).
In DNA, ____ (via two hydrogen bonds).
In DNA, ____ (via three hydrogen bonds).
In DNA, C pairs with G (via ____ hydrogen bonds).
In RNA, A pairs with U (via ____ hydrogen bonds).
In RNA, ____ (via two hydrogen bonds).
____ state that purines and pyrimidines are equal in number in a DNA molecule.
Chargaff’s rules state ____.
Chargaff’s rules state that because of base-pairing, the amount of ____.
The double helix of most DNA is a ____ .
The helix in B-DNA makes a turn every ____ bases within that span.
____ can be identified between the interlocking strands of DNA backbone.
Major and minor grooves can be identified between the ____ of DNA backbone.
Major and minor grooves are often the site of ____.
Another form of DNA is called Z-DNA for its ____ appearance.
Another form of DNA is called ____ for its zigzag appearance.
Z-DNA is a left-handed helix that has a turn every ____ bases within each turn.
Z-DNA is a ____ helix that has a turn every 4.6 nm and contains 12 bases within each turn.
____-DNA is a left-handed helix that has a turn every 4.6 nm and contains 12 bases within each turn.
A high GC-content or a high salt concentration may contribute to the formation of ____-DNA.
A high ____ may contribute to the formation of Z-DNA.
DNA strands can be pulled apart, ____ .
DNA strands can be brought back together, ____.
____ can cause denaturation of DNA.
DNA is organized into ____ chromosomes in human cells.