97 cards
Amino acids have four groups attached to a c____arbon.
Four groups attached to an amino acid are: ____, and {{1::an R group}}.
The ____ group determines chemistry and function of an amino acid.
The R group determines ____ of an amino acid.
____ amino acids appear in the proteins of eukaryotic organisms.
The stereochemistry of the α -carbon is ____ for all chiral amino acids in eukaryotes.
____-amino acids can exist in prokaryotes.
All chiral amino acids except ____ have (R or S) configuration.
All chiral amino acids except cysteine have (____) configuration.
All amino acids are chiral except ____, which has a hydrogen atom as its R group.
All amino acids are chiral except glycine, which has a ____s its R group.
Amino acid side chains can be ____.
Nonpolar, Nonaromatic Amino Acids:
Aromatic Amino Acids:
Polar Amino Acids:
Negatively Charged (Acidic) Amino Acids: - ____
Positively Charged (Basic) Amino Acids:
Amino acids with ____ are hydrophobic.
Amino acids with long alkyl chains are ____.
Amino acids with charges are ____.
Amino acids with ____ are hydrophilic.
Essential amino acids ____ be made by the body.
____ amino acids cannot be made by the body.
Essential Amino Acids:
____ is only an essential amino acid during (+) nitrogen balance.
Arginine is only an essential amino acid ____
Arginine is only a____mino acid during (+) nitrogen balance.
Hydrophillic Amino Acids:
Amino acids are amphoteric; that is, ____.
Amino acids are ____; that is, they can accept or donate protons.
The ____ of a group is the pH at which half of the species are deprotonated.
The p K a of a group is ____.
At ____ pH, the amino acid is fully protonated.
At low (acidic) pH, the amino acid is ____.
At ____ pH, the amino acid is a neutral zwitterion.
At near the pI of pH, the amino acid is ____.
At ____ pH, the amino acid is fully deprotonated.
At high (alkaline) pH, the amino acid is ____.
The ____ of an amino acid without a charged side chain can be calculated by averaging the two p K a values.
The isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid without a charged side chain can be calculated by ____.
The titration curve is nearly ____ at the p K a values of the amino acid.
The titration curve is nearly flat at the ____ values of the amino acid.
The titration curve is nearly ____ at the pI values of the amino acid.
The titration curve is nearly vertical at the ____ values of the amino acid.
Amino acids with ____ have an additional p K a value.
Amino acids with charged side chains have ____
Amino acids with charged side chains, their pI is calculated by ____.
Amino acids without charged side chains have a pI around ____.
Acidic amino acids have a pI ____
Basic amino acids have a pI ____
Dipeptides have ____ amino acid residues.
Tripeptides have ____ amino acid residues.
Oligopeptides have a ____ amino acid residues.
____ have a “few” (<20) amino acid residues.
Polypeptides have ____ amino acid residues.
____ have “many” (> 20) amino acid residues.
Forming a peptide bond is a ____ reaction.
The ____ attacks the electrophilic carbonyl group of another amino acid, to form a peptide bond.
The nucleophilic amino group of one amino acid attacks the ____ of another amino acid, to form a peptide bond.
Amide bonds are ____ because of resonance.