Physics & Math

Chapter 9: Atomic & Nuclear Phenomena

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The ____ is the ejection of an electron from the surface of a metal in response to light.

The photoelectric effect is ____

The ____ is the minimum light frequency necessary to eject an electron from a given metal.

The threshold frequency is ____

Energy of photon equation:____

____ equation: E = hf

Maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electron equation:____

____ equation: K max = hf − W

The ____ is the minimum energy required to eject an electron.

The work function is ____

Work function equation:____

____ equation: W = hf T

The greater the energy of the incident photon above the work function, the more ____ the ejected electron can possess.

The ejected electrons from photoelectric effect creates a ____.

The magnitude of the current produced from photoelectric effect is proportional to ____.

The magnitude of the ____ produced from photoelectric effect is proportional to the intensity of the incident beam of light.

The ____ states that electron energy levels are stable and discrete, corresponding to specific orbits.

The Bohr model of the atom states ____.

An electron can go from a lower-energy to a higher-energy orbit by a____ photon of light.

An electron can go from a ____-energy orbit by absorbing a photon of light.

An electron can go from a higher-energy to a lower-energy orbit by ____ a photon of light.

An electron can go from a ____-energy orbit by emitting a photon of light.

Absorption spectra may be impacted by small changes in ____.

____ occurs when a species absorbs high-frequency light and then returns to its ground state in multiple steps.

Fluorescence occurs ____

____ is the amount of energy that is released when nucleons (protons and neutrons) bind together.

Nuclear binding energy is the amount of energy that is released when ____ bind together.

The more ____ per nucleon released, the more stable the nucleus.

The four fundamental forces of nature are the ____.

The ____ is the difference between the mass of the unbonded nucleons and the mass of the bonded nucleons within the nucleus.

The mass defect is the difference between ____.

The mass defect is the ____ converted to energy during nuclear fusion.

The mass defect is the amount of mass converted to ____ during nuclear fusion.

The mass defect is the amount of mass converted to energy during ____.

The ____ is the amount of mass converted to energy during nuclear fusion.

____ occurs when small nuclei combine into larger nuclei.

Fusion occurs when ____.

____ occurs when a large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.

Fission occurs when ____.

Energy is released in both fusion and fission because ____.

____ is released in both fusion and fission because the nuclei formed in both processes are more stable than the starting nuclei.

____ is the loss of small particles from the nucleus.

Alpha ( α ) decay is the emission of ____.

____ is the emission of an alpha particle , which is a helium nucleus.

Gamma ( γ ) decay is the emission of ____.

____ is the emission of a gamma ray.

Gamma ( γ ) decay ____

____ is the decay of a neutron into a proton, with emission of an electron and an antineutrino.

Beta-negative ( β − ) decay is the decay of a ____.

____ is the decay of a proton into a neutron, with emission of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta-positive ( β + ) decay is the decay of a ____.

____ is the absorption of an electron from the inner shell that combines with a proton in the nucleus to form a neutron.

Electron capture ____.

____ is the amount of time required for half of a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay.

In ____, the rate at which radioactive nuclei decay is proportional to the number of nuclei that remain.

In exponential decay, the rate at which radioactive nuclei decay is ____ to the number of nuclei that remain.

Mass defect is related to the binding energy such that ____.

Mass defect is related to binding energy by the equation ____.

Exponential decay equation:____

____ equation: n = n 0 e − λ t