67 cards
____ states that objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temperature.
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states ____.
Objects in thermal equilibrium experience no net exchange of ____.
Temperature, quantitatively, ____
____ describes how a substance changes in length or volume as a function of the change in temperature.
Thermal expansion describes ____.
A thermodynamic ____ is the portion of the universe that we are interested in observing, whereas the surroundings include everything that i…
A thermodynamic system is the portion of the universe that we are interested in observing, whereas the ____ include everything that is not…
____ systems do not exchange matter or energy with the surroundings.
Isolated systems ____
____ systems exchange energy but not matter with their surroundings.
Closed systems ____
____ systems exchange both energy and matter with their surroundings.
Open systems ____
____ functions are pathway independent.
State functions are pathway ____.
____ functions describe the pathway from one equilibrium state to another.
Process functions describe ____.
The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of ____.
The ____ law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy: the total energy in the universe can never decrease or increase.
In first law of thermodynamics, in a closed system, the total internal energy is equal ____.
In first law of thermodynamics, in a ____ system, the total internal energy is equal to the heat flow into the system minus the work done b…
In ____ law of thermodynamics, in a closed system, the total internal energy is equal to the heat flow into the system minus the work done…
____ is the process of energy transfer between two objects at different temperatures that occurs until the two objects come into thermal eq…
____ is the amount of energy necessary to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius or one kelvin.
Specific heat is ____.
The specific heat of water is ____.
During a phase change, heat energy causes changes in the particles’ ____, but not kinetic energy.
During a phase change, heat energy causes changes in the particles’ potential energy and energy distribution (entropy), but not ____.
____ is the heat absorbed or radiated during a change of phase at a constant temperature and pressure.
For ____ processes, the temperature is constant.
For isothermal processes, the ____ is constant.
For ____ processes, no heat is exchanged.
For adiabatic processes, ____
For isothermal processes, the change in internal energy is ____.
For ____ processes, the change in internal energy is 0.
For ____ processes, the pressure is held constant.
For isobaric processes, the ____ is held constant.
For isovolumetric processes, the ____ is held constant.
For ____ processes, the volume is held constant.
For ____ processes, the work done by or on the system is 0.
For isovolumetric processes, the work done by or on the system is ____.
Isovolumetric processes are also known as ____ processes.
____ processes are also known as isochoric processes.
The ____ law of thermodynamics states that in a closed system, energy will spontaneously and irreversibly go from being localized to being…
The second law of thermodynamics states ____.
____ is a measure of how much energy has spread out or how spread out energy has become.
On a statistical level, as the number of available ____, increasing entropy.
On a statistical level, as the number of available microstates increases, the potential energy of a molecule is distributed over that large…
Every ____ process is ultimately irreversible .
Every natural process is ultimately ____ .
Under highly controlled conditions, certain equilibrium processes such as ____ can be treated as essentially reversible.
Under highly controlled conditions, certain equilibrium processes such as phase changes can be treated as essentially ____.
The equation to convert Fahrenheit into Celsius is:____
The equation to convert Kelvins into Celsius is:____
Thermal expansion equation:____
____ equation: Δ L = αL Δ T
Volume expansion equation:____
____ equation: Δ V = βV Δ T
____ equation: Δ U = Q – W