153 cards
Internal validity refers to how well an experiment is done, especially whether ____.
____ refers to the ability of a study to be generalized to the population that it describes.
External validity refers to the ability of a study to be ____.
A/an ____ is a type of experimental design in which all participants are exposed to every treatment or condition
A/an within-subject design is a type of experimental design in which ____
A/an ____ is an experiment that has two or more groups of subjects each being tested by a different testing factor simultaneously .
A/an between-group design is an experiment that has ____ .
In an experiment, a result has ____ if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance.
In an experiment, a result has statistical significance if ____
____ refers to the usefulness or importance of experimental findings to patient care or patient outcomes.
A/an ____ is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort , performing a cross-section at intervals through time.
A/an cohort study is a particular form of ____
A/an ____ is defined as an observational research type that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point of time across a sample…
A/an cross-sectional study is defined as an ____ research type that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point of time across…
A/an cross-sectional study is defined as an observational research type that ____
A/an ____ is a type of observational study in which two existing groups that differ in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of…
A/an case–control study is a type of ____ study in which two existing groups that differ in outcome are identified and compared on the basi…
A/an case–control study is a type of observational study in which ____
The Hill criteria include the following 9 principles used to provide evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an obse…
The ____ include the following 9 principles used to provide evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effe…
____ is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not ach…
Selection bias is the bias introduced by ____.
____ arises from educated professionals using their knowledge in an inconsistent way by searching for an outcome disproportionately in cert…
Detection bias arises from ____ using their knowledge in an inconsistent way by searching for an outcome disproportionately in certain popu…
Detection bias arises from educated professionals ____
The ____ is when the behavior of subjects is altered simply by knowing that they are being studied.
The Hawthorne effect is when ____
The ____ is a type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorabl…
The social desirability bias is a type of ____
The ____ is a remarkable phenomenon in which a placebo -- a fake treatment, an inactive substance like sugar, distilled water, or saline so…
A ____ is one that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association.
A confounding variable is one that ____
A ____ is one that explains the relationship between the two other variables.
A mediating variable is one that ____
A ____ is one that influences the strength of a relationship between two other variables.
A moderating variable is one that ____
The average of a set of numbers is called the ____.
____ is called the mean.
In a data set, the ____ is the middle number ; found by ordering all data points and picking out the one in the middle.
In a data set, the median is the ____.
The number which appears most often in a set of numbers is called the ____.
____ is called the mode.
A normal distribution has a bell shape, the mean and median are ____ of the data falls within 1 standard deviation.
A normal distribution has a ____ shape, the mean and median are equal, and 68% of the data falls within 1 standard deviation.
A normal distribution has a bell shape, the ____.
A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called a/an ____.
A normal distribution with a mean of ____ is called a/an standard normal distribution.
A normal distribution with a ____ of 1 is called a/an standard normal distribution.
____ have differences in their mean, median, and mode.
Skewed distributions have differences in their ____.
The distribution of this data is ____ skewed.
____The distribution of this data is left skewed; also known as negatively skewed.
The distribution of this data is ____ skewed.
____The distribution of this data is right skewed; also known as positively skewed.
A/an ____ is a distribution with two different modes. These appear as distinct peaks (local maxima).
A/an bimodal distribution is a distribution with ____.
The ____ of a set of numbers is: the highest number minus the lowest number.
The range of a set of numbers is: ____.
The ____ is equal to the difference between 75th and 25th percentiles, or between upper and lower quartiles .
The interquartile range, also called the midspread or middle 50% is equal to ____ .