Organic Chemistry · Chapter 8: Carboxylic Acids

Question

A ____ carbon lactone is called valerolactone.

Answer

A 5 carbon lactone is called valerolactone.
A 5 carbon lactone is called valerolactone.
Example: Here we see that acid halide, which is the most reactive carboxylic derivative participates in nucleophilic substitution in order to become other carboxylic derivatives, which are all less reactive than an acid halide.
Extra Note: Increasing frequency of the C=O absorption in the IR, as reactivity increases.
Carboxylic Derivatives Reactivity Order:
[1] Acid Halides → [2] Ester → [3] Carboxylic Acid → [4] Anhydride → [5] Ester.
Note: Took quite some effort to edit and put together this chart. Stare at it. Engrain it in your brain.
In Summary: As the basicity of Z increases, the stability of RCOZ increases because of added resonance stabilization.

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More cards in Chapter 8: Carboxylic Acids

A carboxylic acid contains both a ____ group, bonded to the same carbon.

Carboxylic acids are named by adding the suffix ____ to the parent root when the carboxylic acid is the highest-priority functional group.

The same common-name prefixes are used for both aldehydes and carboxylic acids: ____ for three.

Cyclic carboxylic acids are named by listing the cycloalkane with the suffix ____.

Salts of carboxylic acids are named beginning with the cation, followed by the name of the acid with the ending ____ replacing – oic acid .

____, followed by the name of the acid with the ending – oate replacing – oic acid .

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