105 cards
Tosylates are produced by the reaction of ____.
Tosylates are produced by the reaction of alcohols with p -toluenesulfonyl chloride, forming ____ of toluenesulfonic acid.
____ are produced by the reaction of alcohols with p -toluenesulfonyl chloride, forming esters of toluenesulfonic acid.
Mesyl and tosyl groups can also serve as ____ when we do not want alcohols to react.
Mesyl and tosyl groups can also serve as protecting groups when we do not want ____ to react.
Alcohols can also be used as ____ groups for other functional groups themselves.
Aldehydes and ketones can be reacted with two equivalents of an alcohol or a diol (dialcohol), forming ____ .
Aldehydes and ketones can be reacted with ____, forming acetals or ketals .
Carbonyls are very reactive with strong reducing agents like ____.
Carbonyls are very reactive with strong ____ agents like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ).
____ are very reactive with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ).
Acetals and ketals, as compared to carbonyl for protecting groups, ____ react with LiAlH 4 .
____, as compared to carbonyl for protecting groups, do not react with LiAlH 4 .
The ____ functionality protects the aldehyde or ketone from reaction.
After reducing other functionalities in the molecule, the acetal or ketal can be reverted back to a ____.
The hydrogen in the hydroxyl group of phenols is particularly ____ because the oxygen-containing anion is resonance-stabilized by the ring.
The ____ of phenols is particularly acidic because the oxygen-containing anion is resonance-stabilized by the ring.
The hydrogen in the hydroxyl group of phenols is particularly acidic because ____.
Treatment of ____ with oxidizing agents produces compounds called quinones .
Treatment of phenols with oxidizing agents produces compounds called ____ .
Treatment of phenols with ____ produces compounds called quinones .
Quinones are named by indicating the position of the ____ to the name of the parent phenol.
Due to the conjugated ring system, quinones are resonance-stabilized ____.
____ serve as electron acceptors biochemically, specifically in the electron transport chain in both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Quinones serve as ____ in both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Vitamin ____ is a phyllo quinone .
Vitamin K 1 is a ____.
Vitamin K 2 is a ____.
Vitamin ____ is a mena quinone .
Vitamin ____play a role in carboxylation of clotting factors and proteins in blood.
Vitamin K 1 and Vitamin K 2 play a role in carboxylation of ____ in blood.
Vitamin K 1 and Vitamin K 2 play a role in ____ of clotting factors and proteins in blood.
Quinones can be further oxidized to form a class of molecules called ____.
A ____ is a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups.
A hydroquinone is a ____ groups.
A ____ contains two carbonyls and a variable number of hydroxyl groups.
A hydroxyquinone contains ____ groups.
When naming hydroxyquinones, the position of the hydroxyl groups is indicated by a ____.
Ubiquinone is also called ____ .
____ is also called coenzyme Q .
____ can be reduced to ubiquinol upon the acceptance of electrons.
Ubiquinone can be reduced to u____pon the acceptance of electrons.
Ubiquinone can be reduced to ubiquinol upon ____.
The ____ of ubiquinone allows it to be lipid soluble.
The long alkyl chain of ubiquinone allows it to be ____ soluble.