Question
Many of the common oxidizing and reducing agents include transition metals because ____.
Answer
Many of the common oxidizing and reducing agents include transition metals because transition metals can often take on many different oxidation states. Their low ionization energies and presence of d-orbitals allow them to give up and accept electrons easily.
Note: In practice, this usually means increasing the number of bonds to hydrogen and decreasing the number of bonds to other carbons, nitrogen, oxygen, or halides.
Note: Good oxidizing agents have a high affinity for electrons (such as O2, O3, and Cl2) or unusually high oxidation states (like Mn7+ in permanganate, MnO4- ; and Cr6+ in chromate, CrO42- ).
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A ____ is defined as an electron acceptor .
A Lewis base is defined as ____ .
A ____ is defined as an electron donor .