Organic Chemistry

Chapter 3: Bonding

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____ is an area where the probability of finding an electron is zero, at the nucleus.

Node is ____

A ____ is composed of four symmetrical lobes and contains two nodes.

A d -orbital is composed of ____ nodes.

Four of the d -orbitals are ____.

Each orbital can hold two electrons, which are distinguished by ____

If the signs of the wave functions are ____, bonding orbital is produced.

If the signs of the wave functions are the same, ____ orbital is produced.

If the signs of the wave functions are ____, antibonding orbital is produced.

If the signs of the wave functions are different, ____ orbital is produced.

Antibonding orbitals are ____ stable.

Bonding orbitals are ____ stable.

When a molecular orbital is formed by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap the resulting bond is called ____.

When a molecular orbital is formed by ____ overlap the resulting bond is called a sigma ( σ ) bond .

When two p -orbitals line up in a parallel (side-by-side) fashion, their ____ overlap, a pi ( π ) bond is formed.

When two p -orbitals line up in a parallel (side-by-side) fashion, their electron clouds overlap, ____ is formed.

Double and triple bonds hinder rotation. ____

It is important to remember that a π bond cannot exist independently of a ____ bond.

A double bond consists of bo____nd.

A triple bond consists of ____ bond.

π bonds are ____ than σ bonds.

____ orbitals are formed by mixing different types of orbitals.

____ is a way of making all of the bonds to a central atom equivalent to each other.

The ____ orbitals are the reason for the tetrahedral shape that is a hallmark of carbon-containing compounds.

The sp 3 orbitals are the reason for the ____ shape that is a hallmark of carbon-containing compounds.

The sp 2 -hybridized orbitals participates in the ____ bond.

The ____-hybridized orbitals participates in the π bond.

The sp 2 orbitals are oriented ____° apart.

The ____ orbitals are oriented 120° apart.

The sp 3 orbitals are oriented ____° apart.

The ____ orbitals are oriented 109.5° apart.

The sp orbitals are oriented ____° apart.

The ____ orbitals are oriented 180° apart.

A molecule with orbitals has trigonal planar geometry.

A molecule with sp 2 orbitals has ____ geometry.

A molecule with sp orbitals has ____ geometry.

A molecule with ____ orbitals has linear geometry.

A sp 2 has ____ unhybridized p -orbital.

A ____ has one unhybridized p -orbital.

A sp 3 has ____ unhybridized p -orbital.

A ____ has zero unhybridized p -orbital.

A sp has ____ unhybridized p -orbital.

A ____ has two unhybridized p -orbital.

Resonance delocalization of electrons occurs in molecules that have ____ bonds.

____ requires alternating single and multiple bonds because this pattern aligns a number of unhybridized p -orbitals down the backbone of t…

Conjugation requires alternating single and multiple bonds because ____.

π electrons can then delocalize through p -orbital system, adding ____ to the molecule.