Organic Chemistry

Chapter 1: Nomenclature

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Steps of IUPAC Nomenclature: 1. ____.

Alkanes are simple hydrocarbon molecules with the formula ____.

____ are simple hydrocarbon molecules with the formula C n H (2 n + 2) .

Alcohols are named by replacing – e in the name of the corresponding alkane with ____.

____ are named by replacing – e in the name of the corresponding alkane with – ol .

Hydroxyl groups are given higher priority than triple bonds. ____

The hydroxyl group takes precedence over multiple bonds because ____.

If the alcohol is not the highest-priority functional group, then it is named as ____.

Alcohols with two hydroxyl groups are called ____ .

Diols with hydroxyl groups on the same carbon are called ____ .

Diols with hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons are called ____.

What is the red part of his compound called? - ____

Aldehydes are named by replacing the – e of the parent alkane with the suffix ____.

____ are named by replacing the – e of the parent alkane with the suffix – al .

____ contain a carbonyl group somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain.

____ have a carbonyl group found at the end of the carbon chain.

Ketones are named by replacing – e in the name of the parent alkane with the suffix ____.

____ are named by replacing – e in the name of the parent alkane with the suffix – one .

Ketones are commonly named by listing ____ .

____ is a functional group of an organic chemical that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

An alkyl is a functional group of an organic chemical that contains ____.

____ is the smallest possible ketone molecule.

In a more complex molecule with a higher-priority group that takes precedence over the carbonyl, we name aldehydes and ketones as substitue…

Moving away from the carbonyl, the successive carbons are referred to as ____ carbons, respectively.

____ contain both a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) on a terminal carbon.

Carboxylic acids contain both a ____ on a terminal carbon.

Carboxylic acids are named by replacing – e in the name of the parent alkane with the suffix ____.

____ are named by replacing – e in the name of the parent alkane with the suffix – oic acid .

Acetaldehyde and acetic acid contain ____ as a parent alkane.

Formaldehyde and formic acid both refer to molecules with ____ as a parent alkane.

The carboxylic acid derivatives include ____.

In esters, the hydroxyl group (–OH) is replaced with ____.

In ____, the hydroxyl group (–OH) is replaced with an alkoxy group (–OR, where R is a hydrocarbon chain).

In esters, the ____ replaces the – oic acid suffix.

In ____, the – oate replaces the – oic acid suffix.

In ____, the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group (nitrogen-containing group).

In an amide, the hydroxyl group is replaced by ____.

In amides, the ____ replaces the – oic acid suffix.

Substituents attached to the nitrogen atom are labeled with ____.

Substituents attached to ____ atom are labeled with a capital N –.

In the formation of an anhydride from two carboxylic acid molecules, ____ is removed.

In the formation of ____ from two carboxylic acid molecules, one water molecule is removed.

In the formation of an anhydride from ____, one water molecule is removed.

Anhydrides are named by replacing acid with ____ .

If the anhydride is not symmetrical, b____efore anhydride is added to the name.

Functional group priority is correlated with ____.

____ have the lowest, for MCAT testing purposes.