152 cards
For many molecules, the constituent atoms bond according to the ____ rule.
Octet rule states that ____.
Incomplete octet : These elements are stable with fewer than 8 electrons in their valence shell and include hydrogen (stable with ____ elec…
Incomplete octet : These elements are stable with fewer than 8 electrons in their valence shell and include hydrogen (stable with 2 electro…
Expanded octet : Any element in period ____ and greater can hold more than 8 electrons, including phosphorus (10), sulfur (12), chlorine (1…
Expanded octet : Any element in period 3 and greater can hold more than 8 electrons, including phosphorus (____), and many others.
Odd numbers of electrons : Any molecule with an odd number of valence electrons cannot distribute those electrons to give eight to each ato…
In ionic bonding, one or more electrons from an atom with a low ionization energy, typically a ____.
In ____, one or more electrons from an atom with a low ionization energy, typically a metal, are transferred to an atom with a high electro…
In ionic bonding, one or more electrons from an atom with a ____ electron affinity, typically a nonmetal.
We classify chemical bonds into two distinct types: ____.
We classify ____ bonds into two distinct types: ionic and covalent.
Electrostatic attraction between ions creates a ____ structure.
____ attraction between ions creates a lattice structure.
In ____, an electron pair is shared between two atoms, typically nonmetals, that have relatively similar values of electronegativity.
In covalent bonding , ____ is shared between two atoms, typically nonmetals, that have relatively similar values of electronegativity.
In covalent bonding , an electron pair is shared between two atoms, typically ____, that have relatively similar values of electronegativit…
In covalent bonding , an electron pair is shared between two atoms, typically nonmetals, that have relatively similar values of ____.
The degree to which the pair of electrons is shared equally or unequally between the two atoms determines the degree of ____ in the covalen…
The degree to which the pair of electrons is shared equally or unequally between the two atoms determines the degree of polarity in the ___…
If the electron pair is shared equally, the covalent bond is ____.
If the electron pair is shared ____, the bond is polar.
If both of the shared electrons are contributed by only one of the two atoms, the bond is called ____.
If both of the shared electrons are contributed by ____, the bond is called coordinate covalent.
____ form between atoms that have significantly different electronegativities.
The atom that loses the electrons becomes ____.
For this electron transfer to occur in ionic bonds, the difference in electronegativity must be ____ on the Pauling scale.
The atoms of ____s are more likely to gain an electron to complete their valence shell.
With crystalline lattice structure, the attractive forces between oppositely charged ions are ____.
The number of shared electron pairs between two atoms is called the ____ .
Two atoms sharing one, two, or three pairs of electrons are said to be joined by a ____, respectively.
____ is the average distance between the two nuclei of atoms in a bond.
As the number of shared electron pairs ____, the two atoms are pulled closer together, resulting in a decrease in bond length.
For a given pair of atoms, rank the order from shortest to longest bond: - ____
____ is the energy required to break a bond by separating its components into their isolated, gaseous atomic states.
The greater the number of pairs of electrons shared between the atomic nuclei, the ____ energy is required to break the bonds holding the a…
Rank the bond energy of covalent bond types from lowest to highest: - ____
____ occurs when two atoms have a relative difference in electronegativities.
Polarity occurs when two atoms have a relative difference in ____.
The atom with the ____ gets the larger share of the electron density.
A polar bond creates a dipole, with the ____e end at the more electronegative atom.
A polar bond creates a dipole, with the positive end of the dipole at the ____e electronegative atom.
A ____ bond creates a dipole, with the positive end of the dipole at the less electronegative atom and the negative end at the more electro…
When atoms that have identical or nearly identical electronegativities share electron pairs, they do so with equal distribution of the elec…
Any bond between atoms with a difference in electronegativity less than ____ is generally considered nonpolar.
Atoms that differ moderately in their electronegativities will share electrons unevenly, resulting in ____ bonds .
Polar covalent bonds are found from ____ difference in electronegativity.
____ covalent bonds are found from 0.5 to 1.7 difference in electronegativity.
The dipole moment of the polar bond or polar molecule is a vector quantity given by the equation:____
The ____ of the polar bond or polar molecule is a vector quantity given by the equation:
p = ____
____ = magnitude of charge
The dipole moment vector, represented by an arrow pointing from the positive to the negative charge, is measured in ____.
Debeye units have the SI units of ____.
Coordinate covalent bonds are typically found in ____ reactions.
A ____ is any compound that will accept a lone pair of electrons.
A Lewis acid is any compound that will a____ lone pair of electrons.
A ____ is any compound that will donate a lone pair of electrons.
A Lewis base is any compound that will ____ a lone pair of electrons.
The electrons involved in a covalent bond are in the valence shell and are ____ electrons .