903 cards
____ is the distance between the nuclei of two atoms in a bond when they are at their lowest possible energy state.
____ energy is the energy needed to break the bond.
When electrons are shared equally by two atoms with equivalent electronegativities, it is a ____ bond.
When electrons are shared ____ electronegativities, it is a nonpolar covalent bond.
When the electrons are shared ____ in electronegativity, it is a polar covalent bond.
When the electrons are shared not equally because of a difference in electronegativity, it is a ____ bond.
If the difference in electronegativity is significant, the bond is said to have ____ character.
If the difference in electronegativity is ____, the bond is said to have partial ionic character.
When the electronegativities of the two atoms differ vastly, the bond is ionic, meaning ____
When the electronegativities of the two atoms differ vastly, the bond is ____, meaning that one or more electrons are actually transferred…
Ionic bonds occur most often between ____
Ionic compounds, or salts, can be thought of as oppositely charged ions held together by ____ forces.
A ____ occurs when the center of positive charge in a bond does not coincide with the center of negative charge.
A dipole moment is represented by a vector pointing from the center of ____ charge.
The dipole moment is measured in units of ____.
____ is measured in units of debye, D.
What does this equation tell us? ____
What does the q stand for? ____
What does the d stand for? ____
A bond that has a dipole moment is ____.
A bond that does not have a dipole moment is ____.
Intermolecular dipole attractions are ____ bonds, generally about 1% as strong as covalent bonds.
The strongest type of dipole-dipole interaction is a ____ bond.
The strongest type of ____ interaction is a hydrogen bond.
____ bonding is responsible for the high boiling point of water.
A ____ bond occurs between a hydrogen that is covalently bound to a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.
A hydrogen bond occurs between a ____ atom.
____ dipole occurs when dipole moment is momentarily induced in an otherwise nonpolar molecule or bond by a polar molecule, ion, or electri…
An induced dipole occurs when ____
Instantaneous dipoles occur because ____
____ occur because the electrons move about, and at any given moment they may not be distributed exactly between the two bonding atoms even…
Although instantaneous dipoles are short-lived and weak, they can create ____ in a neighboring molecule.
Although ____ dipoles are short-lived and weak, they can create an induced dipole in a neighboring molecule.
The weakest dipole-dipole force is between two ____.
Dipole-dipole bonds are called ____.
____ bonds are called London dispersion forces or Van der Waals' forces.
If an oxyanion has a hydrogen, the word ____ is added.
Copper can take on a charge of 1+ or 2+, and is thus designated as ____, respectively.
Monatomic anions and simple polyatomic anions are given the suffix "-____."
An older method for naming cations adds "-____" to the ending of the cation with the greater positive charge.
An older method for naming cations adds "-ous" to the cation with the ____ positive charge.
If the cation is made from a nonmetal, the cation name ends in -____.
If the cation is made from a ____, the cation name ends in -ium.
To name an ionic compound, put the ____ name.
The ____ of a compound is the smallest ratio of whole numbers that can be used to represent these proportions.
The empirical formula of a compound is ____
The ____ of each element can be used to calculate the percent composition by mass for a compound.
The empirical formula and the atomic weight of each element can be used to calculate the ____ for a compound.
To find percent composition, ____
To find the empirical formula from the percent composition by mass, ____
If a compound undergoes a reaction and maintains its molecular structure (and thus its identity), the reaction is called a ____ reaction.
When a compound undergoes a reaction and changes its bonding or structure to form a new compound, the reaction is called a ____ reaction.
The ____ yield is the amount of product that should be created when a reaction runs to completion, based on the stoichiometry.
The amount of product created by a real experiment is the ____ yield.
____, gives the percent yield.
Actual yield divided by the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100%, gives the ____ yield.
The ____ product is more stable, requires a higher energy input and is produced more slowly.
The thermodynamic product is ____.
The ____, requires a lower energy input and is produced more rapidly.
The kinetic} product is {{c2, requires a ____.