1175 cards
Suppressor T-cells (regulator T-cells) ____ .
____ and, at a second encounter with a pathogen , will work to mount a faster and stronger immune response than the first time
Memory T-cells serve a similar function to memory B-cells and, at a ____
In the case of a/an ____, a self-antigen is recognized as foreign, and the immune system attacks normal cells.
In the case of a/an autoimmune condition, ____
A/an ____ occurs when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance known as an allergen .
A/an allergic reaction occurs when the immune system ____
____ release cytokines and granules that contain chemical molecules to create an inflammatory cascade .
Mast cells release ____ .
____ is released by mast cells and causes blood vessels to dilate , thereby increasing blood flow and cell trafficking to an area of infect…
Histamine is released by ____ blood flow and cell trafficking to an area of infection.
Histamine is released by mast cells and causes ____.
Immunization induces ____, the activation of B-cells that produce antibodies
The transfer of antibodies to an individual is considered ____.
____ is considered passive immunity.
The ____ transports lymph , a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells , throughout the body.
The lymphatic system transports lymph , a fluid containing ____, throughout the body.
____ results when the lymphatic system is overwhelmed and can’t drain excess fluid from tissues
Edema results when the ____
A virus is a nonliving particle containing ____ that can infect a living cell
____ is the physical breakdown of large food molecules into smaller particles
Mechanical digestion is ____
____ is the enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds such as the peptide bonds of proteins or the glycosidic bonds of starches
Chemical digestion is ____
____ is the contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food down the gut tube .
Peristalsis is the contraction and relaxation of muscles that ____.
Give the digestive pathway: ____
Identify the missing item in the digestive pathway: oral cavity → pharynx → ____ → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum
The oral cavity is where salivary a____ start the chemical digestion of food .
The oral cavity is where salivary amylase and lipase start ____ .
The ____ connects the mouth to the esophagus
The pharynx connects the ____
The esophagus is under the following control: Top third: ____
The stomach has the following four parts:____
Mucous cells produce ____-rich mucus to protect stomach wall from acid
____ cells produce bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect stomach wall from acid
Mucous cells produce bicarbonate-rich mucus to ____
Chief cells secrete ____
____ cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Parietal cells secrete ____
____ cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
G cells secrete ____
____ cells secrete gastrin
After processing in the stomach , food particles are now called ____.
The stomach has a pH of about ____
The ____ is the first part of small intestine and the site of the majority of chemical digestion
The duodenum is the ____
The following enzymes are found in the ____: Disaccharidases Aminopeptidase & Dipeptidase Enterokinase
The following enzymes are found in the duodenum:____
____ is a brush-border enzyme that breaks down maltose , isomaltose , lactose , and sucrose into monosaccharides.
Disaccharid ase is a ____ enzyme that breaks down maltose , isomaltose , lactose , and sucrose into monosaccharides.
Disaccharid ase is a brush-border enzyme that ____.
____ is a brush-border enzyme that breaks apart amino acids .
Aminopeptidase is a ____ enzyme that breaks apart amino acids .
Aminopeptidase is a brush-border enzyme that ____.
____ is a brush-border enzyme that activates trypsinogen to make trypsin .
Enterokinase is a ____ enzyme that activates trypsinogen to make trypsin .
Enterokinase is a brush-border enzyme that ____.
____ catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds which breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
Trypsin catalyzes ____ which breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.