920 cards
DNA is negatively charged due to ____.
A ____ is a 5-carbon sugar plus a nitrogenous base and no phosphate groups
A nucleoside is a ____ phosphate groups
A ____ is a nucleoside with 1 to 3 phosphate groups added.
A nucleotide is a nucleoside with ____.
The ____ states that DNA is a double-stranded, helical structure .
The Watson-Crick model states that DNA is a ____.
The nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA include: ____
The pyrimidines in DNA and RNA have ____ ring(s).
The ____ in DNA and RNA have 1 ring(s).
The purines in DNA and RNA have ____ ring(s)
The ____ in DNA and RNA have 2 ring(s)
The DNA double helix has a diameter of ____ angstroms
The DNA backbone is held together by ____
Adenine and Thymine are held together by ____ hydrogen bonds
____ states that, in DNA, the number of purines must equal the number of pyrimidines .
Chargaff’s rules states that, in DNA, ____.
DNA ____ is the process of producing an identical replica of a DNA molecule
____ alleviates the tension in the DNA in front of helicase so it doesn't supercoil or break.
Topoisomerase alleviates the tension in the DNA in front of ____ so it doesn't supercoil or break.
____ breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases in order to separate the DNA strands.
Helicase breaks the ____.
Single strand binding protein binds to single-stranded DNA and serves to ____
____ binds to single-stranded DNA and serves to prevent annealing of single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA
Single strand binding protein binds to ____ DNA and serves to prevent annealing of single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA
____ catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer.
DNA primase catalyzes the synthesis of the ____.
____ are short RNA nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the ssDNA and allow DNA replication to start.
RNA primers are s____ to the ssDNA and allow DNA replication to start.
RNA primers are short RNA nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the ssDNA and allow ____ to start.
____ adds nucleotides to the growing strand during DNA replication.
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the ____ strand during DNA replication.
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing strand during ____.
____ are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication.
Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the ____ template strand during DNA replication.
Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during ____.
____ joins DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds.
DNA ligase joins DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of ____.
____ develop from mutations of proto-oncogenes and promote cell cycling, which may lead to cancer.
Oncogenes develop from ____, which may lead to cancer.
Oncogenes develop from mutations of proto-oncogenes and promote cell cycling, which may lead to ____.
____ code for proteins that reduce cell cycling or promote DNA repair
Tumor suppressor genes code for ____ that reduce cell cycling or promote DNA repair
Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that reduce ____
____ proofreads its work and excises incorrectly matched bases.
DNA polymerase ____ incorrectly matched bases.
Mismatch repair of DNA occurs during ____ using the genes MSH2 and MLH1
Mismatch repair of DNA occurs during G2 phase using the genes ____
____ of DNA occurs during G2 phase using the genes MSH2 and MLH1
____ fixes helix-deforming lesions of DNA such as Thymine dimers
Nucleotide excision repair fixes ____ of DNA such as Thymine dimers
Nucleotide excision repair fixes helix-deforming lesions of DNA such as ____
____ fixes nondeforming lesions of the DNA helix such as cytosine deamination by removing the base, leaving an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) s…
Base excision repair fixes ____ of the DNA helix such as cytosine deamination by removing the base, leaving an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) s…
Base excision repair fixes nondeforming lesions of the DNA helix such as ____
Humans have ____ chromosomes
____ packages DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell
____ are at the ends of chromosomes and contain high GC-content to prevent unraveling of the DNA.
Telomeres are at the ends of chromosomes and contain high ____-content to prevent unraveling of the DNA.
Telomeres are at the ends of chromosomes and contain high GC-content to prevent ____.