Question
Although ____ levels of transport occur in all cells independently of insulin, the transport rate increases in adipose tissue and muscle when insulin levels rise.
Answer
Although basal levels of transport occur in all cells independently of insulin, the transport rate increases in adipose tissue and muscle when insulin levels rise.
Real World: Diabetes mellitus is caused by a disruption of the insulin/GLUT 4 mechanism. In type 1 diabetes, insulin is absent and cannot stimulate the insulin receptor. In type 2 diabetes, the receptor becomes insensitive to insulin and fails to bring GLUT 4 transporters to the cell surface. In both cases, blood glucose rises, leading to immediate symptoms (increased urination, increased thirst, ketoacidosis) and long-term symptoms (blindness, heart attacks, strokes, nerve damage).
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Glucose entry into most cells is driven by ____.
Normal glucose concentration in peripheral blood is ____ mM.
There are four glucose transporters, called ____.
Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporters are called ____.
GLUT 2 is a ____-affinity transporter in hepatocytes and pancreatic cells.
GLUT 2 is a low-affinity transporter in ____ cells.