78 cards
Carbohydrates are organized by ____.
Sugars with aldehydes as their most oxidized group are ____ .
Sugars with a____s their most oxidized group are aldoses .
Sugars with ____ as their most oxidized group are ketoses.
Sugars with ketones as their most oxidized group are ____.
The nomenclature of all sugars is based on the ____ forms of glyceraldehyde.
The nomenclature of all sugars is based on the D- and L- forms of ____.
Sugars with ____ on the right (in a Fischer projection) are D-sugars.
Sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with the –OH group on the right (in a Fischer projection) are ____-sugars.
Sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with the –OH group on the ____ (in a Fischer projection) are D-sugars.
Sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with the –OH group on the left (in a Fischer projection) are ____-sugars.
Sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with the –OH group on the ____ (in a Fischer projection) are L-sugars.
Sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with the –____ group on the left (in a Fischer projection) are L-sugars.
D- and L-forms of the same sugar are ____.
____ are nonsuperimposable configurations of molecules with similar connectivity.
____ are a subtype of diastereomers that differ at exactly one chiral carbon.
Epimers are a subtype of ____ that differ at exactly one chiral carbon.
Epimers are a subtype of diastereomers that differ at ____.
____ are a subtype of epimers that differ at the anomeric carbon.
Anomers are a subtype of ____ that differ at the anomeric carbon.
Anomers are a subtype of epimers that differ at ____.
____ of sugars describes the ring formation of carbohydrates from their straight-chain forms.
Cyclization of sugars describes ____.
When rings form of a sugar, the anomeric carbon can take on either an ____-conformation.
When rings form of a sugar, the ____ carbon can take on either an α- or β-conformation.
The ____ carbon is the new chiral center formed in ring closure.
The anomeric carbon is the ____ formed in ring closure.
The ____ carbon was the carbon containing the carbonyl in the straight-chain form.
The anomeric carbon was the carbon containing the ____ in the straight-chain form.
____ have the –OH on the anomeric carbon trans to the free –CH 2 OH group.
α -anomers have the –OH on the anomeric carbon t____o the free –CH 2 OH group.
α -anomers have the –OH on the anomeric carbon trans to the free –____ group.
____ have the –OH on the anomeric carbon cis to the free –CH 2 OH group.
β -anomers have the –OH on the anomeric carbon ____ to the free –CH 2 OH group.
____ projections provide a good way to represent three-dimensional structures.
Haworth projections provide a good way to represent ____-dimensional structures.
____ is when cyclic compounds shift from one anomeric form to another with the straight-chain form as an intermediate.
Mutarotation is when ____
Monosaccharides can undergo three main reactions: ____.
Aldoses can be oxidized to ____.
Aldoses can be ____ to aldonic acids.
Aldoses can be ____ to alditols.
Aldoses can be reduced to ____.
Sugars that can be oxidized are ____ themselves.
Sugars that can be ____ are reducing agents ( reducing sugars ) themselves.
Reducing sugars can be detected by reacting with ____ reagents.
____ sugars can be detected by reacting with Tollens' or Benedict’s reagents.
Sugars with a –H replacing an –OH group are termed ____ sugars.
Sugars can react with carboxylic acids and their derivatives, forming ____.
Sugars can react with ____, forming esters ( esterification ).
Phosphorylation of a sugar happens when ____ is formed by transferring a phosphate group from ATP onto a sugar.
Phosphorylation of a sugar happens when a phosphate ester is formed by transferring a phosphate group from ____ onto a sugar.
____ formation requires the anomeric carbon to link to another sugar.
Glycoside formation requires the ____ carbon to link to another sugar.
Glycoside formation requires the anomeric carbon to ____
____ form as result of glycosidic bonding between two monosaccharide subunits
Disaccharides form as result of ____ bonding between two monosaccharide subunits
Common disaccharides include ____.
Scientific name for sucrose would be ____.
Scientific name for ____ would be glucose- α -1,2-fructose.