208 cards
____ vitamins are transported in the body along with fats obtained from the diet, and also assist in the absorption of these fats.
Fat-soluble vitamins are transported in the body along with fats obtained from the diet, and also assist in the ____ of these fats.
____ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids are the building blocks of ____.
A single protein is built from a chain of amino acids linked together by ____ bonds.
A peptide bond creates the functional group known as an ____.
An amide is ____.
____ is an amine connected to a carbonyl carbon.
A peptide bond is formed via a ____ reaction of two amino acids.
Amino acids are called alpha amino acids because ____
In humans, ____ of the amino acids are essential.
The ____ is called the side chain of the amino acid.
The R group is called the ____ of the amino acid.
Generally, if the side chain contains ____, then it is basic.
Generally, if the side chain contains carboxylic acids, then it is ____.
The number and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called the ____.
____ is called the primary structure.
Once the primary structure is formed, the single chain can form into distinct shapes known as the s____tructure of the protein.
The two secondary stucture are ____.
A single chain polypeptide can twist into ____.
Both α-helices and ß-pleated sheets are reinforced by ____ bonds between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the hydrogen on the amin…
Both α-helices and ß-pleated sheets are reinforced by hydrogen bonds between the ____ on the amino group of another.
Areas of secondary structure contribute to the ____, of the protein.
The ____ structure refers to the three dimensional shape formed by curls and folds of the peptide chain.
The tertiary structure refers to ____
Five forces contribute to the tertiary structure: 1. ____
Covalent disulfide bonds between two cysteine amino acids on different parts of the chain, creates ____.
Covalent disulfide bonds between two ____ amino acids on different parts of the chain, creates the dimer cystine.
____ bonds between two cysteine amino acids on different parts of the chain, creates the dimer cystine.
Turns that disrupt both α-helix and ß-pleated sheet formation are induced by the amino acid ____.
Proline has the R group binds to the amine group, causing proline to be more rigid than a typical amino acid and creating a ____ in the str…
Proline has the R group binds to the ____ group, causing proline to be more rigid than a typical amino acid and creating a kink in the stru…
When two or more polypeptide chains bind together, they form the ____ structure of the protein.
The same five forces at work in the tertiary structure can also act to on the quaternary structure. (____)
The water surrounding proteins in the biological environment helps stabilize their ____ conformations.
The ____ surrounding proteins in the biological environment helps stabilize their native conformations.
Surrounding molecules of hydrophobic groups, assemble into an organized structure known as a ____.
When the native conformation is disrupted, the protein is said to be ____.
When the ____ conformation is disrupted, the protein is said to be denatured.
A denatured protein has lost most of its s____tructure.
There are two types of proteins: ____.
Collagen, a ____ protein made from a unique type of helix, is the most abundant protein in the body.
There are more types of structural proteins than there are types of globular proteins. (____)
____ are proteins with carbohydrate groups attached.
Glycoproteins are proteins with ____ groups attached.
Proteoglycans are also a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates, that are bound to ____.
____ are also a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates, that are bound to glycosaminoglycan.
Proteoglycans are the major component of ____
____ are proteins which requires a prosthetic heme group in order to function.
Cytochromes are proteins which requires a ____ group in order to function.
Proteins containing ____ components are called conjugated proteins.
Proteins containing nonproteinaceous components are called ____ proteins.
____ are the dissolved inorganic ions inside and outside the cell.
Minerals are the ____ ions inside and outside the cell.
The function of any enzyme is to act as a ____, by lowering the energy of activation for a biological reaction and thus increasing the rate…
The function of any enzyme is to act as a catalyst, by ____
Lab catalysts are more efficient than enzymes. (____)
The reactant or reactants upon which an enzyme works are called the ____.
The ____ upon which an enzyme works are called the substrates.
Enzymes exhibit ____ kinetics.