208 cards
The ____ of water is what makes it a perfect solvent for chemical reactions in the body.
Polar molecules or ionic compounds are readily solvated by ____.
Water is a small polar molecule that can participate in ____ bonding.
The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other elevates the ____.
Due to ____, water molecules pull apart polar molecules or ions and form ordered networks around them.
Due to polarity and hydrogen bonding, water molecules p____
Hydrogen bonding also provides strong cohesive forces between water molecules, thus ____
____ also provides strong cohesive forces between water molecules, thus "squeezing" hydrophobic molecules away from water and causing them…
Hydrophilic molecules or ionic compounds dissolve easily in water because ____
____ molecules or ionic compounds dissolve easily in water because their negatively charged ends are attracted to the partial positive char…
Most macromolecules of living cells are broken apart via ____.
The roles played by lipids in an organism can be placed into three categories: 1. ____
Lipids have ____ solubility in nonpolar organic solvents.
The major groups of lipids include ____.
Fatty acids are composed of long chains of carbons truncated at one end by a ____.
In humans, the maximum number of carbons in a fatty acid is ____.
____ fatty acids possess only single carbon-carbon bonds.
____ fatty acids contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
The high concentration of ____ bonds in fatty acids allows them to store more energy per gram than any other macromolecule in the body.
Triacylglycerols are constructed from a ____.
____ are constructed from a three carbon backbone called glycerol, which is attached to three fatty acid chains.
Adipocytes are specialized cells whose cytoplasm contains almost nothing but ____.
____ are specialized cells whose cytoplasm contains almost nothing but triglycerides.
Triacylglycerols function in a cell is to ____
Phospholipids are lipids with a ____ group attached.
The phosphate group lies on the ____ side of the glycerol from the fatty acids.
The phosphoglycerides is polar at the ____ end.
The phosphoglycerides is ____ at the fatty acid end.
The ____ quality of phospholipids makes them especially well suited as the major component of biological membranes.
The amphipathic quality of phospholipids makes them especially well suited as the major component of ____
Molecules that have a polar and nonpolar end are referred to as ____.
The simplest phosphoglyceride is ____.
The simplest ____ is phosphatidic acid.
Glycolipids have ____ attached to the three-carbon glycerol backbone.
____ have one or more carbohydrates attached to the three-carbon glycerol backbone.
____ are found in abundance in the membrane of myelinated cells in the human nervous system.
Glycolipids are found in abundance ____
Sphingolipids have a long chain fatty acid and a polar head group, with backbone molecule of ____
____ have a long chain fatty acid and a polar head group, with backbone molecule of an amino alcohol called a sphingosine.
One type of sphingolipid, called ____, has a phosphate group attached to the sphingosine backbone and is thus a phospholipid.
One type of sphingolipid, called sphingomyelin, has a ____.
____ are four ringed structures.
Steroids are ____ structures.
Terpenes are a sixth class of lipids that are often part of ____ in the body.
____ are a sixth class of lipids that are often part of pigments in the body.
An example of ____ is Vitamin A.
An example of terpene is ____.
Waxes are another type of lipid that are formed by ____ linkage between a long-chain alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid.
Waxes are another type of lipid that are formed by an ester linkage between a ____.
____ are another type of lipid that are formed by an ester linkage between a long-chain alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid.
____ include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
Eicosanoids include ____.
____ are released from cell membrane as local hormones that regulate, among other things, blood pressure, body temperature, and smooth musc…
Eicosanoids are released from ____ as local hormones that regulate, among other things, blood pressure, body temperature, and smooth muscle…
Eicosanoids are released from cell membrane as ____ that regulate, among other things, blood pressure, body temperature, and smooth muscle…
Since lipids are insoluble in aqueous solution, they are transported in the blood via ____.
A lipoprotein contains a ____ surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins.
A lipoprotein contains a lipid core surrounded by ____.
The lipoprotein is able to ____ in its hydrophobic core, and then move freely through the aqueous solution due to its hydrophilic shell.
Lipoproteins are classified by their ____.